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it. The clover will, in the course of two or three years, disappear 

 from the meadow, leaving the grass in possession of the ground. 

 But it has not left without a blessing, for it has reached up into the 

 air with its long arms and drawn down great stores of ammonia, 

 nitrogen, carbonic acid and other valuable elements that grass re- 

 quires, and has pushed them down into the soil ; while on the other 

 hand it has pumped up immense quantities of potash and other salts 

 that are, in their natural state, insoluble, and not available to the 

 grasses, and when it dies it bequeaths these valuable manures to its 

 successors. Nor is this all. Its long roots permeat the ground to 

 a prodigious depth for so humble a plant, and when the roots decay 

 the soil is so honey-corned that rains penetrate to the subsoil easily, 

 and the grass roots follow to a much greater depth than they could 

 otherwise attain. And while all these services are b'eiug rendered, 

 the clover is giving to its owner large yields of the best of hay. 



Such a mixture should be made in the sowings as if one species 

 failed another will take hold. Nor is it proper to sow the same 

 quantities on the different soils of the State. On rich bottoms 

 there will be a necessity for using a free hand, while on the sandy 

 uplands we must withhold the quantity. It may be wished to pas- 

 ture alternate years, or after the lapse of a few years altogether. 

 All these reasons will modify the quantity of seed to be sown. If 

 a very early crop is wanted, such should be selected as come in 

 arly, or if a succession of crops be desired, it will be an easy mat- 

 ter to take from our list those that will ripen, or rather blossom one 

 after another to the latest, thus enabling the farmer to save all his 

 hay in good time. This custom prevails to some extent in Ireland, 

 to sow the same quantity of seed to an acre of each kind as though 

 no other sorts were to be sown, and enough of each kind to fully 

 seed the land. 



On a visit to the Unaka Mountains, last September, in company 

 with some members of the Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, we saw some grasses growing in great luxuriance on the 

 " Balds" of that range, and on the top of the Roan Mountain that 

 we had never seen elsewhere, but Prof. Chickering, of Washington 

 Oity, recognized them as similar to those seen on Mt. Washington 

 and in Canada. There were poa annua, the spear grass of Maine, 

 but common on low lands in the State ; agrostis perennans, or thin 

 grass, a plant peculiar to marshy places; phleum alpinum, carex 



