THE NUCLEUS IN PATHOLOGICAL STATES 201 



Associated with this we find that the growing tumour exhibits 

 abundant mitoses, and, what is more, the growth being aberrant, 

 we find a well-pronounced tendency for the mitoses also to be 

 irregular. We thus encounter a great variety of changes : (1) dis- 

 persion of chromosomes in the cell body as the result apparently 

 of rupture of the threads of the achromatic spindle ; (2) asym- 

 metrical mitoses; (3) multipolar mitoses; (4)hypochromatosis with 

 diminution either in the number or in the size of the chromo- 

 somes ; (5) hyperchromatosis, with increase whether in number 

 or size of the chromosomes; (6) associated with degenerative 



Fro. 15. Various forms of aberrant mitosis in cells from malignant growths (after 

 von Hansemann and Pianese). 1 and 2, Dispersed chromosomes ; 3 and 4, 

 multipolar mitoses ; 5 and 6, asymmetrical mitoses ; 7 and 8, hypochro- 

 matic mitoses ; 9, hyperchromatic mitosis. 



changes and rapidly growing tumours we may encounter the 

 development of paranuclear bodies (Nebenkerne), sometimes 

 of large size and modified staining properties, lying in the cyto- 

 plasm, and clearly derived from the nuclear matter. 



The existence of these abnormal nuclear conditions in con- 

 nexion with tumour growth is most significant. Beyond this 

 statement, that it is difficult to arrive at any other conclusion 

 than that there is an intimate relationship between these nuclear 

 vagaries and the abnormal cell growth seen in malignant tumours, 

 I feel it is unsafe to venture ; for, as Dr. Bashford has frankly 

 acknowledged, more advanced hypotheses based upon these 

 abnormalities have not stood the test of extended investigation. 



Turning now to observations upon the nucleus in pathological 



