186 APPENDIX. [No. VIII. 



metallurgist, I trust, will be found acceptable. Their manipulation I have 

 given as the result of my own experience, and therefore, doubtless, those 

 who make a trade of working these substances will find the account not so 

 full as might have been expected or wished ; yet I believe practice alone is 

 required to make the operator perfect in these arts. 



" The application of electro-metallurgy to the copying of leaves, fruit, 

 &c., is for the first time described in this work. 



" The new mode of etching here detailed, I confidently trust, will be 

 also found a valuable adjunct to the knowledge of the engraver. The 

 principle which regulates the adhesion and non-adhesion of the plates will 

 enable the operator to conduct his operations with certainty a cir- 

 cumstance of no small importance to the engraver, ignorance on this score 

 having already produced untoward results 



" The laws which I have given in this work, and the universality of 

 their application, will doubtless influence importantly the attainment of 

 the grand object of using the galvanic fluid commonly among our manu- 

 facturers; and having thus, as I believe, raised the isolated facts called 

 the Electrotype into a vast and comprehensive science, a new name is 

 required which may be suitable to its importance, and embrace its various 

 applications. The term which I have ventured to apply to the science is 

 Electro-Metallurgy, which comprises the principles regulating all the arts 

 of working in metals by the galvanic force ; and the value of the new 

 nomenclature is evident when we consider that it takes in every mode by 

 which it is possible to work metals, either by dissolving or precipitating 

 them, by the agency of the voltaic current." .... 



Directions for coppering fruit, vegetables, leaves, seeds, &c. from Smee's 

 ' Elements of Electro-Metallurgy,' page 221. 



" A pretty application of the art of coppering is suitable to horticul- 

 turists, as by its means fruit, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and various other 

 specimens may be coated with copper, either for ornament or for the 

 purpose of illustrating the size, form, and other peculiarities of the object. 

 Apples and pears may be very readily coppered; they are to be brushed 

 over with black-lead, and then a small pin is to be thrust in at the stalk : 

 to this a wire should be attached, which is connected with the zinc of the 

 battery. It may then be placed in the solution, and the whole arrangement 

 completed by the insertion of a piece of copper, which is to be connected 

 with the silver of the battery. In a similar manner cucumbers, gourds, 

 potatoes, caiTots, and a hundred other vegetables, seeds, and roots can be 

 covered. The form, after the process, is characteristic, and marks so 

 strongly the individual character of each variety, that the horticulturist 

 is at no loss to distinguish the specimens at once. The condition in which 

 the copper is thrown down can, of course, be varied according to the laws 

 set forth in the last chapter. For ornamental purposes the crystalline 

 copper is the most beautiful; but for a specimen intended to illustrate 

 the form of the object, the smooth copper is best adapted. After the 

 objects are completely covered, the pin is to be withdrawn, which will 

 leave a little hole, and that enables the evaporating juices of the vegetable 

 to pass freely out, and thus promotes the complete drying of the encased 

 object. A cucumber which I coated during the past summer appears now 



