16 BULLETIN 1003, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



ous, dark-colored heartwood, compared to the sap wood layer. " Bull 

 pine," although often large, has relatively no such high proportion 

 of the richer resinous heartwood. Botanically, the "bull pine' 1 is 

 considered to belong also to the Pinus ponderosa, or western yellow- 

 pine group, appearing to differ from the "yellow pine" only in 

 being a less mature or more rapidly developed tree. Whatever may 

 be the cause, the important fact remains that " bull-pine " stumps, 

 aside from their content of what appears to be sapwood, are all but 

 devoid of resinous matter and are utterly worthless for the recovery 

 of turpentine or other distillation products (Table 14). " Bull-pine " 

 stumps, irrespective of their size, therefore, are not included in the 

 number of yellow-pine stumps to the acre in a given area or section, 

 which makes it highly important to remember that no such distinc- 

 tion between these classes of stumpage is made by timber cruisers. 



POTLATCH-DEARY REGION. 



The southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 15, town- 

 ship 40 north, range 2 west, readily accessible and fairly represen- 

 tative of the number, size, and quality of stumps to the acre of 

 yellow-pine land in the Potlatch- Deary section of the State, had had a 

 yellow-pine stand of 395,000 board feet a " forty," averaging 500 

 feet a tree. The average yellow-pine stand for the township was 

 234,000 board feet to 40 acres. 



The stumps were taken from a south slope, a ridge, and its adjacent 

 lowland. The trees had been felled six or seven years before, and 

 the stumps were generally found with all the bark. A few burnt- 

 over stumps, of which the bark and sapwood had been destroyed, 

 from trees said to have been dead when cut and in some cases felled 

 for fuel wood 13 years earlier, were included. Ten stumps of each 

 class were blown out and enough of the heartwood from each stump 

 taken to make up a cord sample of each class. The stumps were re- 

 moved by blasting with both 40 per cent and 20 per cent dynamite. 

 Few of the stumps were removed entirely by the blast, most of them 

 being either split through the middle, with only part of the stump 

 thrown out, or left standing in a shattered condition. It was neces- 

 sary, therefore, to employ a team of horses to remove enough of such 

 shattered stumps to obtain a sufficient portion of each for the samples. 



All of the heartwood of the first few stumps shot out was removed 

 and split to approximately cordwood size, and a sample taken from 

 each stump thus entirely reduced. The labor cost, estimated at from 

 $4 to $5 a cord, made it so expensive, however, that only a portion 

 of each stump sufficient to obtain enough for a sample was reduced. 

 The diameters of the ten " rich " stumps varied from 24 to 40 inches, 

 with an average of 32 inches: those of "medium" quality, from 26 

 to 36 inches, with an average of 30 inches; and the "poor" stumps, 



