32 BULLETIN KHia, r. s. I'KI'AKTMKXT OF AGRICULTURE. 



ence of water and other low-boiling constituents, which rises rapidly 

 to 160 C. The complex nature of this material is indicated by its 

 wide temperature range when subjected to distillation. Typical 

 results are shown in Table 16. 



TAP.I.K Hi. - -IH.xtilliitinn data of ennifinsite entile lifilif dl. 



On subjecting the various samples of crude light oil to dry dis- 

 tillation at atmospheric pressure, using a fractionating column, an 

 average of 34.5 per cent was found to distil below 225 C. Of the 

 total distillate an average of 1.8 per cent was aqueous. This aque- 

 ous portion, as well as the lighter portions of the oily distillate, con- 

 tains quantities of acetic acid, methyl alcohol, and acetone. The 

 difficulty of their recovery in a state pure enough for quantitative 

 estimation is such, however, that it is as yet possible only to esti- 

 mate the quantities of these bodies present. 



On treating the distillate obtained below 225 C. with an excess 

 of 20 per cent alkali solution, a marked contraction in volume of the 

 oil and decided heating were observed. When the oil thus treated 

 was steam distilled to exhaustion, 87 per cent (1.3 gallons a cord) 

 of total distillate was recovered as a rather sharp-smelling, light- 

 yellow oil having an uncertain initial boiling point of about 125 C. 

 On dry distilling this steam-distilled oil, 60 per cent passed over 

 below 175 C., and the remainder distilled up to 250 C. In its 

 behavior on distillation it shows a close resemblance to rosin spirits. 



By treating the crude light oil with alkali and distilling with 

 steam as in the refining of the crude turpentine, 10 per cent (0.4 

 gallon a cord) of the oil is recovered as refined rosin spirits dis- 

 tilling at from 130 to 200 C. and 20 per cent as a pine-oil fraction 

 distilling at from 175 to 275 C. The pine-oil fraction distilling 

 at from 175 to 275 C. has a lemon-yellow color like refined pine 

 oil, but an unpleasant, altogether different odor, and can not be con- 

 sidered as pine oil, except perhaps in certain of its constituents. 

 Fifty per cent of it distils below 200 C. 



The residue from this steam distillation of the crude light oil 

 forms a heavy emulsion with the alkali present. On the addition of 

 acid about 10 per cent of the original oil separates out as a heavy tar 

 that settles to the bottom. The remaining oil has about the density of 

 water, slowly floating to the top, is dark, and has a mild odor. 



Distilled in a vannim of from 10 to 20 mm., 80 to 85 per cent 

 (3.2 to 3.4 gallons a cord) of the crude light oil is recovered as a 



