494 



INDEX 



Solenodontidae, 282 



SOLLAS, coral-boring at Funafuti, 321 



" Sonoran " region, 196 



Sonorella, 206 



Sorex, tundrensis, 92 ; glacialis, 

 92 ; pribilofensis, 92 



South America, northern animals in, 

 235 ; climate and fauna, 336, 337 ; 

 past geography, 338345, 359, 360 ; 

 faunistic affinities of, 344 350 ; 

 affinity with European Tertiary 

 fauna, 355 ; relationship with 

 Madagascar, 375 ; affinity with 

 Africa, 368383 



South Orkney islands, 433 



South - Western States, 196 ; as 

 original home of eastern forms, 

 197 ; gradual desiccation of, 200 

 204 ; affinity with Europe, 205231. 



Sparassodonta, 373 



SPEIGHT, geology of mid - Pacific 

 islands, 327 



Spelerpes, age of genus, 172, 221, 246; 

 in Antilles, 281 ; in South America, 

 347; orizabensis,137; leprosus, 137; 

 chiropterus, 137 ; fuscus, 138, 221; 

 infuscatus, 281 



SPENCER, pre-Glacial elevation of land, 

 14, 15 ; drainage of Great Lakes 

 in pre-Glacial times, 54 ; elevation 

 and submergence of Florida, 169, 

 170 ; Cuban cave fossils, 285 ; West 

 Indian land-bridge, 286 ; Antillean 

 continent, 293 



Spermophilus (see Citellus). 



SPETHMANN, land-bridge between 

 Europe and Greenland, 18 



Sphaeroniscus, 190 



Spherilloninae, 320 



Sphingidae, 117 



Spider, silk, in Bermuda, 190, 191; 

 spiders of Central America, 258 ; 

 of St. Helena, 388, 389 



Spinus, 56 



STANDFUSS, affinities of Vanessa, 91 



STAPF, arctic grasses found in Argen- 

 tina, 416 



Staten island, 429 



STEARNS, on Galapagos islands, 291 ; 

 accidental dispersal, 300, 306 ; mol- 

 lusca of Galapagos, 305 



STEBBING, on Cambaroides, 218 



Steiromys, 71, 403 



STEJNEGER, on origin of reindeer, 5 ; 

 range of ptarmigan, 62 ; land- 

 bridge between Asia and North 

 America, 83 ; distribution of Cin- 

 clus, 113 ; distribution of ground- 

 lizard, 124 ; on Tropidonotus, 129 ; 

 discoglossoid toads, 204 ; Antillean 

 reptiles and amphibia, 288 



Stenamma westwoodi, 215 



Stenogyridae, 192 



STEWART, botany of Galapagos, 315, 

 316 



St. Helena, fauna, affinities of, 386 

 391 ; flora, 391, 392 



STICHEL and EIFFARTH, on Heli- 

 coniidae, 368 



Stilauchenia, 406 



STIMPSON, My sis relicta in Lake 

 Michigan, 48 



STOLL, mites of Guatemala, 257, 258 



Stomion, 413 



STRAND, distribution of arctic spiders, 

 21 



STREBEL, on Orthalicinae, 270 



Streptaxidae, 348 



Strobilops labyrinthica, 31 



Strobilus, 272 



Strophocheilus , 362 



Struthio, 374 



Sturgeon, shovel-nosed, 88 



Stygicola dentatus, 290 



Subulina, 272, 380 



Succinea, in Galapagos, 306, 308 ; in 

 St. Helena, 390 ; groenlandica, 21, 

 24 ; bermudensis, 192, 193 ; barba- 

 densis, 192 



" Suckers," 89 



SUESS, ancient land " Laurentia," 26 ; 

 absence of land-connection with 

 Asia in Pliocene times, 84 ; great 

 Pliocene subsidence of land, 195 ; 

 Cape Kegion of California, 199 ; 

 north Atlantic land-bridge, 229, 

 231 ; distinctness of Central 

 America from North and South, 237, 

 261 ; Antillean mountain system, 

 263 ; permanence of ocean basins, 

 276, 387 ; Galapagos islands a con- 

 tinuation of American mountain 



