FISHES OF THREE WISCONSIN LAKES 51 



insects, crayfishes, ostracods, clams. Adult insects were eaten in 

 great quantity in Lake Mendota, which has very rich stores of 

 food and varied shores. Three foods apparently depend upon the 

 abundance of aquatic vegetation present : snails, flowering plants 

 and algae. 



According to the average amount consumed in all the lakes, 

 the foods rank in the following order (Table XII) : immature in- 

 sects, fishes, cladocerans, crayfishes, adult insects, amphipods, 

 bottom sediment, snails, plants, ostracods, Mysis, oligochaetes, 

 algae, copepods, clams, mites, rotifers, leeches, calcium car- 

 bonate crystals, protozoans, sponges, roundworms. The first 

 three items in this list constitute more than half of the food of 

 the fishes in the five lakes under consideration. 



The fishes which are shown to take large quantities of par- 

 ticular foods are as follows (Tables IX to XII, and Pearse, 

 1921): 



Birds speckled bullhead. 



Fishes yellow bullhead, lake trout, pickerel, long-nosed gar, lawyer, sau- 

 ger, wall-eyed pike; and to a certain extent white bass, large- and smallmouth 

 black bass. 



Immature insects pirate perch, Johnny darter, pumpkinseed, Iowa darter, 

 short-headed red-horse, silversides, log-perch, skip-jack. 



Adult insects smallmouth black bass. 



Crayfishes eel, black bullhead (Lake Michigan), yellow bullhead, rock 

 bass, duck-billed gar. 



Amphipods common sucker, whitefish, cisco (Lake Mendota, Green Lake) 



Mysis ciscoes (Lake Michigan), deep-water cottids. 



Cladocerans mooneye, red-mouth buffalo, two shiners (Notropis jejunus 

 and N. hudsonius), spoonbill, crappies, hackleback sturgeon, tadpole cat. 



Ostracods smallmouth buffalo. 



Clams sheepshead . 



Snails pumpkinseed. 



Plants bluegill. 



Algae channel cat, gizzard shad. 



Bottom sediment two quillbacks (Carpoides carpio, C. Ihompsoni), giz- 

 zard shad, white-nosed sucker, and to some extent the blunt-nosed minnow. 



A number of species of fishes did not show a marked prefer- 

 ence for any particular food or distributed their feeding activi- 

 ties among several foods. The sheepshead ate immature 

 insects, clams, and cladocerans. The speckled bullhead had a 

 varied diet. The common sucker had, in different lakes, eaten 

 considerable amounts of snails, clams, algae, amphipods and 



