48 



THE WEDGWOODS. 



troops were stationed, this is probably a correct supposition. 

 Barrel-shaped bowls were, however, then in use, and a very 



interesting example is here engraved, bearing the date 1689. 

 Pipes at this time were, to some 

 extent, imported from Holland, but 

 by far the greater part used were of 

 English make, to which Newcastle- 

 under-Lyme contributed no small quantity. From this time 

 downwards, the shape of the pipe gradually merged from the 

 bulbous into the elongated form just shown, and so on to the 

 wide-mouthed shape of the present time. It may be well to 

 note, that instead of the old pipes being, as is commonly be- 

 lieved, of Dutch manufacture, Holland was originally indebted 

 to England for the introduction of the art into that country. 

 With reference to this Charles Riggs, the pipe-maker of 

 Newcastle-under-Lyme, I am pleased to be enabled to say, 

 that from recent researches I am justified in believing the 

 pipes engraved on the next page to have been made by him . 

 Nearly a hundred of these pipes, each bearing the initials of 

 C. R., found in the neighbourhood of Newcastle, and at other 

 places in the pottery district, have come under my notice, and 

 are, I think, without doubt, of his workmanship. They are 

 peculiarly interesting too, as showing the transition, in the 

 lifetime of one maker, from the flat heel to the pointed 

 spur. The first example on the engraving on the next page 

 has the flat heelj* bearing the stamp of the maker, C. R., 

 with crescent above and below. The second illustration 



* The flat heels served as rests for the pipes; the old-fashioned 

 smokers resting them on the table while they enjoyed the "weed." 



