INTRODUCTION OF CHINA MANUFACTURE. 259 



poor in worldly goods. To this gentleman, too, is ascribed 

 the honour of first using the fluid glaze by immersion, which 

 was afterwards so much improved upon by Enoch Booth. 

 Despite Littler's attempts, however, Staffordshire produced 

 no china until 1777 or 1778, when the Bristol patent right 

 was, as I have shown, transferred to the company which 

 afterwards commenced the New Hall works at Shelton. 

 The company consisted of six persons, viz., Samuel Hollins, 

 of Shelton, Anthony Keeling, of Tunstall, John Turner, of 

 Lane End, Peter (or Jacob) Warburton, of Hot Lane, Wil- 

 liam Clowes, of Port Hill, and Charles Bagnall, of Shelton. 

 Of these six persons all men of good standing and of large 

 experience a few words will no doubt be interesting and 

 useful to my readers. 



Samuel Hollins, a maker of the fine red- ware teapots, &c., 

 from the clay at Bradwell, previously worked by the brothers 

 Elers, was of Shelton, and was the son of Mr. Hollins, of 

 the Upper Green, Hanley. He was an excellent practical 

 potter, and made many improvements in his art. 



Anthony Keeling, of Tunstall, was son-in-law of the 

 celebrated potter, Enoch Booth, having married his daughter 

 Ann. Keeling succeeded Enoch Booth in his business, 

 which he carried on successfully for many years, and retired 

 on a small independence to Liverpool, where he died. 



John Turner, first of Stoke, and then of Lane End, father 

 of Messrs. John and William Turner, was one of the most 

 clever and successful potters Staffordshire ever produced, 

 but one about whom little has been written. Many of his 

 productions in black and in jasper, &c., are quite equal to 

 those of Wedgwood, and, indeed, are often mistaken for the 

 work of that great man. Mr. Turner's cream ware, too, as 

 well as his stone ware, of which his jugs are best known to 

 collectors, rank high in excellence both of design and mani- 

 pulation. In 1762 Mr. Turner commenced manufacturing 

 at Lane End, and made many improvements in the art, and 

 by the discovery of a vein of fine clay at Green Dock, was 

 enabled successfully to compete not only with other potters, 



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