88 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



whether clone over a fire or by steam, should not require more 

 than 30 minutes. 



When the required temperature is reached the kettle 

 should immediately be removed from the fire, or the fire 

 quickly subdued by means of sand or dry soil. The hot mix- 

 ture should be transferred to a larger vessel, and the kerosene 

 immediately added, then the water. Serious results may occur 

 if the water is addtd before the kerosene. Both the kerosene 

 and water should be poured in slowly while the whole is being 

 stirred. 



The emulsifier, when properly made, and at the ordinary 

 temperature, is quite liquid, somewhat stringy, and when held 

 in a glass to the light, of a clear, reddish-brown color. It re- 

 mains in good condition indefinitely — a sample at the end of 

 18 months was found to be just as efficient as at the begin- 

 ning. In view of its keeping quality it may made up during 

 rough weather or slack seasons. 



The "Soluble Oil.'' 

 Although the "soluble oil" remains in good condition for 

 a long time, it seems advisable to delay its preparation till 

 spraying time. It is readily made up without the application 

 of heat. After thoroughly stirring up the emulsifier. the 

 ingredients are simply brought together in the following order : 



Emulsifier 8 parts 



Crude petroleum 23 parts 



Rosin oil 4 parts 



Water 1 part (more if necessary). 



When the materials are brought together in the above 

 proportion they should be vigorously stirred. With large 

 batches a garden hoe may be conveniently used for this pur- 

 pose. At first the mixture when stirred will appear thin and 

 sound harsh, but soon becomes somewhat thicker and smooth- 

 er. When this condition is attained the soluble oil is complete. 

 A test may be conveniently made by pouring a few drops in 

 a glass of water. A white or milk-like emulsion should be 

 the result. 



In view of the variable character of crude petroleum the 

 proportion suggested above occasionally fails to produce a 



