98 THE CONNECTICUT POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



A Member: What is the purpose of the carboHc acid 

 and rosin oil? 



Prof. Jarvis : An emulsion may be made without the 

 use of carbolic acid, but the action of carbolic acid is in itself 

 an emulsifier. It will turn white when put into water, and 

 assist very greatly in emulsifying-. The action of the rosin 

 oil is similar. It is an emulsifier, but just how it acts I am 

 not prepared to say. This subject of emulsifying- is a com- 

 plicated one, and very few know anything about it. If kero- 

 sene is used entirely, you may avoid the use of rosin oil ; 

 kerosene is not as efficient as an insecticide, as petroleum. It 

 takes about 20% solution or emulsion to kill the scale, while 

 we have only 5% of oil in our mixture when it is sprayed. 

 The crude petroleum is much more effective than kerosene. 



A Member : In making up this second mixture in which 

 you have said we might sometimes use a larger amount of 

 crude petroleum, how can we tell, what guide have we? 



Prof. Jarvis : Simply by experiments. Make up a small 

 batch and you can tell by the appearance. It immediately 

 emulsifies if it is all right, if it is not you will see the oil on 

 top of the water. 



President Putnam : We are now to have an address 

 on the practical handling of the scale in the orchard. The 

 gentleman who is to speak to us is an extensive fruit grower 

 from Western New York, and has had an experience of eight 

 years or more in fighting the pest with various remedies. I 

 am sure we shall all be glad to hear from Mr. S. Seward 

 Hopkins of Youngstown, N. Y. 



Eight Years' Experience with the San Jose Scale in 

 Our Orchards. 



By S. Seward Hopkins, Youngstown, N. Y. 



Mr. President, Members of the Connecticut Pouwlogical 



Society, Ladies and Gentlemen: 



I am glad to be present at this meeting, though for 



your sake, I sincerely regret that my father was unable 



to attend, as the first edition is always the best. As this 



