90 ON IMPROVEMENT OF LIVE STOCK. 



them about the best for slaughter of any, but they are 

 not good for the dairy, nor would they be profitable 

 for labor. 



From my personal acquaintance with great breed- 

 ers of stock, who were trained under his immediate 

 direction, I know that his and their dependance for 

 success was greatly placed upon the male. If these 

 were superior, they felt confident of success. A 

 friend of mine used to keep fifteen tups,* which he let 

 out at ten guineas a piece, per annum. Other male 

 stock were in proportion, and to have them of supe- 

 rior quality, was a most fortunate circumstance for a 

 farmer. 



To know the best form for a bull, or any other 

 male animal for breeding, is a fortunate acquisition to 

 the farmer. Gentlemen of the most patient observa- 

 tion and attentive memories, may see them described 

 in writing, or in types of their form and proportions, 

 and yet may mistake. To notice them frequently be- 

 side of inferior animals ; to go round them, feel 

 them, if neat cattle, in the flank, ribs, and especial- 

 ly in the back, and loins, whether they be broad, 

 and well filled up on each side of the spine, is the best 

 way to inform the mind and direct the judgment, if 

 a few of our young gentlemen farmers would make 

 this their recreation a few days in each year, by trav- 

 elhng round where good stock is kept, they would be 

 amply compensated by the improvements on their 

 own farms, beside rendering immense advantages to 

 this country. 



There is a difficulty in procuring and keeping such 

 animals. Our daries are all small. When a farmer 

 keeps from thirty to sixty cows, he provides his male 

 for himself; but generally we cannot do so. Those 

 who keep the best cows have the fewest of them, and 



The word tup is used in some of the districts in England as synory- 

 mous with ram. — Ed. 



