i\N ORCHARD SURVEY. 43 



to exceed the southwest. The four-year average in Walworth 

 was 43 bushels in favor of easterly slopes." 



The renter. The yield of apples from rented farms is much 

 below that of farms managed by the owners as shown by the 

 fact that owned farms yielded a four-year average of 210 bushels 

 per acre, while rented farms jd elded only 174 bushels per acre. 



These are some of the leading features covered in this suiwey 

 of an important apple-producing county in western New York. 

 The moral of it all is that tillage, fertilization, pruning, and 

 spraying, soil and aspect are important features in successful 

 orcharding ; but unless they are coupled with intelligent business 

 management, the enterprise will fail. Practice, principle, and 

 business methods must go together. The orchardist should not 

 only know how much his orchard is bringing him in, but he 

 should know how each of his trees is yielding. They do not all 

 need the same treatment. The problem must be studied in gen- 

 eral terms, but also in terms of individual trees and good business 

 management. 



Discussion. 



Prof. F. A. Waugh inquired concerning the difference in the 

 income from sprayed and unsprayed orchards. 



Prof. Craig said that the difference in the income of sprayed 

 and unsprayed orchards might not be more than ten dollars an 

 acre, but occasionally runs as high as twenty-five or thirty dollars. 

 lie thought that three sprayings, as a rule, were necessaiy. The 

 first when the buds began to show color ; the second upon the 

 setting of the young fruit ; and the third depended on weather 

 conditions. Dry weather and fungous growth are not correlated, 

 but moist weather and fungous development are. 



An inquiry was made as to how large an orchai'd would have 

 to be to make it pay to use a power machine for spraying. 



To this the Lecturer replied that for an orchard of fifteen or 

 even ten acres on level ground it would pay to have a power 

 sprayer. Some of these machines as now made are marvels. of 

 simplicity. 



