DWARF FRUIT TREES. 61 



up and divided. These Paradise stocks come from France where 

 this work is done chiefly. 



The Doucin stock is also used to some extent for dwarfing 

 apples. It produces a tree midway between the very dwarf form 

 grown on Paradise and the ordinary standard form. It has not 

 been so much used in this country. Doucin stocks come also 

 from France and are grown in the same way as Paradise stocks. 



On account of the slow growth of the Paradise and Doucin 

 apples, trees grafted or budded on them make a slow and irregu- 

 lar growth in the nursery. It is difiicult to grow a nice block 

 of trees, especially on Paradise stocks. This is why the nursery- 

 men in this country have practically given them up. Any tree 

 grower would be compelled to get about two or three times as 

 much for dwarf apple trees grown on Paradise roots as for the 

 same varieties grown in the ordinary way, because it costs him 

 two or three times as much to grow a given number. 



Pears are practically always budded on quince stocks for dwarf- 

 ing. The quince most used for this is Angers which comes also 

 from France. A few varieties of pears will not form good unions 

 on quince roots. Such varieties are "double-worked." The 

 process of double working is as follows : The quince root is 

 budded with some variety as Anjou which grows well upon it. 

 After this pear scion has grown one year the refractory variety, 

 say Seckel or Dana's Hovey, is budded on the Anjou upon which 

 it makes a good union. The completed tree as it is planted in 

 the orchard then consists of three parts, the pear top of the 

 desired variety, the quince root, and the very short section of 

 some other pear whose sole office it is to unite the two uncon- 

 genial neighbors. 



Peaches and nectarines are dwai-fed bj' working them on plum 

 roots. They will grow fairly well on almost any good plum root. 

 The Myrobalan plum which is one of the easiest of all stocks to 

 be worked has been largely used. St. Julien plum is probably 

 better and is considerably used in France and Germany. The 

 peach may also be easily propagated on the dwarf sand cherry 

 which gives a good dwarf peach tree of specially small stature. 



The old rule for dwarfing plums was to work them on Myroba- 

 lan plum roots. A fairly small plum tree can be produced in 



