DWARF FRUIT TREES. 53 



make a large tree. No really satisfactory dwarfing stock for the 

 cherry is in commercial use. There seems to be a chance, how- 

 ever, of discovering some native plum or cherry which answers 

 the purpose. 



Dwarf trees are planted in the same way that standard trees 

 are, with two exceptions. First, the}' are usually planted shal- 

 lower for the reason that when deeply planted they sometimes 

 take root from the scions and cease to be dwarf trees. The sec- 

 ond exception lies in the fact that they may be planted much more 

 closely together. While thirty-live feet apart is looked upon as 

 being 2:)roper spacing for standard apple trees, dwarfs may 

 be planted at eight or nine feet apart and indeed can be very 

 well managed for a number of years at a distance of four to six 

 feet apart. A gentleman told me recently of an orchard of 

 dwarf apple trees now over thirty years old and in fairly good 

 condition, the trees having been planted six feet apart and main- 

 tained at that distance to the present time. 



Some of the forms of dwarf trees, especially upright cordons, 

 can be planted even closer together. The space commonly 

 recommended for upright cordons of apple and pear is sixteen to 

 eighteen inches apart. To show the possibilities of condensation 

 which lie before one in planting dwarf trees, I may say that in a 

 garden of less than one-quarter of an acre I have planted over 

 five hundred fifty permanent trees. When the plan is complete 

 there will be about six hundred or at the rate of twenty-four 

 hundred trees to the acre. Many of these are already in bearing. 

 Standard apple trees are ordinarily planted thirty-five to the 

 acre. 



Dwarf fruit trees are usually' trained in some particular form. 

 This training is not absolutely essential, but more or less of it 

 is desirable in order to get the best results. The simplest 

 methods appeal most to the majority of people, especially in this 

 country. Still I am sure that garden lovers who become inter- 

 ested in this line of work will go more and more into the different 

 methods of formal training. 



There are almost an infinite number of ways in which trees 

 may be trained. Some of these ways are merely fantastic and 

 only comparatively few of them are really useful. All the really 



