VEGETATION OP THE NORTHERN SHORES. 163 

 Lake Superiok. Europe. 



OLEACEM. 

 Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam. Fraxinus excelsior L. 



The Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) are, 

 ■with the Pines, the trees which ascend highest in the mountains of Central 

 Europe. 



CHENOPODEJE. 



Corispermum hyssopifolium* L. Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Cau- 



casus. 



POLYGONE^E. 



Polygonum vivlparum L. Polygonum viviparum L. 



" cilinode Mx. " Convolvulus L. 



" sagittatum L. 



Polygonum viviparum is the most extensively spread in the subalpine pas- 

 tures, and the most characteristic of that region. It is also very common about 

 Lake Superior. The same is also true of Empetrum nigrum L., which marks 

 the higher limit of the pine region. 



EMPETREM. 



Empetrum nigrum X, Empetrum nigrum L. Region of the 



pine trees. — Higher Jura and 

 Sub- Alps. 



CUPULIFERM. 



Quercus rubra L. A few dwarfish 



specimens occur south of ISIich- 



ipicotin. 

 Fagus ferruginea Mx. Begins to lose Fagus sylvatica L. Grows dwarfishly 



its majestic appearance, and and disappears in the subalpine 



forms only meagre forests as regions of Europe. 



far north as ]\lackinaw. 

 Corylus rostrata Ait. Corylus Avellana. L. Forests of the 



Jura. Everywhere. 



* I found this plant on the northernmost shore of Lake Superior, near the entrance 

 of Nepigon Bay. Sir W. Hooker mentions it from the Saschatchewan, Athabasca, and 

 Red River. 



