512 ORNITHOLOGY AND OOLOGY. 



Description. 



Head and neck all round bluish-violet, occasionally with green or purplish re- 

 flection; a large white patch anterior to the eye, occupying the entire side of the bill, 

 and running up in a point on the forehead ; lower neck and under parts generally 

 white; a narrow white patch on the middle wing coverts; the greater coverts "black, 

 tipped with white, which is continuous with the white secondaries, but separated 

 from that on the middle coverts; anterior scapulars white, edged externally with 

 black; the posterior ones black, with white central streak; rest of upper parts black, 

 as are the sides behind, and including the tibia; long feathers of the flank white, 

 tipped and edged above with black. 



Length, twenty-two and fifty one-hundredths inches; wing, nine and fifty one- 

 hundredths; tarsus, one and fifty-eight one-hundredths inches; commissure, one and 

 eighty one-hundredths inches. 



Eab. — Iceland, and northern parts of America. In winter, not rare on the St. 

 Lawrence. 



This species is found in considerable numbers on our 

 north-eastern coast, in the winter months. It breeds in the 

 arctic portions of the continent, but has all the other habits 

 of the succeeding species. 



BUCEPHALA AMERICANA. — Baird. 

 The Golden Eye ; "Whistle Wing. 



Anas clangula, Wilson. Am. Cm., VIII. (1814) 62. 



Fuligula {Clangula) clangula, Bonaparte. Syn., (1828) 393. Nutt. Man., 11. 

 441. 



Fuligula clangula, Audubon. Cm. Biog., IV. (1838) 318. lb., Birds Am., VI. 

 (1843) 362. 



Clangula Americana, Bonaparte. Comp. List (1838). Eyt. Mon. Anat. (18381 

 167. 



Description. 



Bill black; head and upper part of neck glossy-green; the under surface opaqu* 

 velvety purplish-black ; an elliptical patch along the base of upper mandible ante- 

 rior to the eye, lower part of neck, under parts generally, and sides, middle and 

 greater wing coverts, the innermost secondaries (and tertials, except the innermost 

 three or four), white ; the white on the wing is in a continuous patch, although there 

 is a concealed black bar on the bases of the greater coverts ; the inner scapulars are 

 white, margined externally with black ; posteriorly, however, they are black, streaked 

 centrally with white ; the inner scapulars and tertial^, and the whole back, rump, 

 and lesser wing coverts, are black; the primaries and tail black, with a hoary gloss; 

 the under side of quills and lower greater coverts are plumbeous-gray ; the rest of 

 the under wing and the axillars are sooty-brown ; the long white feathers of the 

 flanks are edged superiorly with black ; iris golden yellow. 



Female with the head and neck above snuff-brown, without white patch; white 

 of wing less extended ; the middle coverts only touched with white ; there is a ten- 



