46 TOBACCO : ITS HISTORY. 



The manufacture of tobacco comprises the 

 three modes in which it is consumed : — the manu- 

 facture of cigars ; the preparation of the various 

 kinds sold, under the name of Shag, Returns, 

 Bird's-eye, Cavendish, K'naster, &c., for the 

 pipe ; and snuff-making. Each has its peculiar 

 " mystery " or " craft " both in the old and mo- 

 dern sense of the words. 



Cigars. 



The persons engaged in the London tobacco- 

 trade are: 1. The brokers, twelve city houses, 

 who receive the consignments of tobacco and 

 cigars, and supply, 2. The manufacturers of 

 tobacco for smoking, snuff, and cigars, 90 in num- 

 ber ; and 3. The tobacconists or general dealers 

 in the article, who number about 1569 throughout 

 London, according to the Directory. In connec- 

 tion with this I may state that there are r.o less 

 than 82 clay-pipe makers in London. 



soil for centuries, the land never receiving back any of those 

 mineral elements which were withdrawn in the grain and 

 straw, because some soils abound in silicates so readily de- 

 composable, that in every one or two years as much silicate 

 of potash becomes soluble and fitted for assimilation as is 

 required by the leaves and straw of a crop of wheat. Liebig, 



