206 THE MAGAZINE OF HORTICULTURE. 



to improve it. The fact once established that all coniferous 

 trees will receive equal benefit with other trees, by liberal 

 manuring, and much finer specimens will be grown in a few 

 years than in twice the same period, on the old starving 

 system. 



In addition to the good advice above quoted, we may lay 

 down the following general hints : — 



First. Never use fresh manure of any kind, in setting 

 out evergreen trees ; unless perfectly and thoroughly decom- 

 posed, so as to resemble a rich black mould, it is better to 

 plant without the addition of anything to the natural soil. 



Second. If the specimens are large they should be well 

 mulched with leaves or strawy manure, the latter serving at 

 the same time to eiu'ich the soil, and the roots should be 

 well protected the first winter. 



Third. Never use the watering pot, only in extreme cases. 

 More trees are lost by the constant soaking of the roots than 

 from almost any other cause. At the time of planting, if the 

 ground is dry, the roots should be well watered before the 

 hole is filled up ; after that, in nine cases out of ten, addi- 

 tional watering is injurious. 



Norway spruces, firs, and arborvitses, usually transplant 

 with good balls ; but the white, Scotch, and Austrian pines 

 have coarse stringy roots, to which the soil will not adhere : 

 the latter should therefore be more carefully removed than 

 the former, especially if the specimens are large. 



The season is now at hand for removing all evergreens, and 

 we trust our remarks may aid in securing more safety in the 

 operation of transplanting. 



As a guide to those who are not familiar with all the 

 hardy coniferous trees which flourish in our cold climate, we 

 enumerate the following : — The Norway and White and 

 Black Spruces ; the Balsam Fir ; the European Silver Fir ; 

 the Red Cedar ; the White, Scotch, Austrian, and Red Pines, 

 Pinus excelsa, P. pyrenaica, P. cembra, P. mughus, and P. 

 inops ; the American, Siberian, Tartarian, Chinese, and 

 Western Arborvitass ; the Chinese, Swedish, and Irish Juni- 

 pers; the Hemlock, &c., in all about 25 kinds. 



