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bottomed trough, with a little linseed meal, and mashed with 

 the rammer, while a boy turns it over. The re- 

 mainder must be prepared in the same way. As 

 the mass increases in the tub it should be 

 pressed firmly down, in order that it may re- 

 tain the heat as long as possible. The length 

 and size of the rammer ought to be adapted to 

 the height and strength of the person employed. 

 It will be found convenient to have two or three 

 at hand, varying from eighteen inches to two feet long, taper- 

 ing, and from four to six inches square at the bottom. A pin 

 should be passed through the top for the convenience of being 

 worked with both hands. 



Nor let these compounds be despised on account of their 

 simplicity. They are neat and convenient modes of placing 

 artificial food before bullocks, which must be superior to 

 cake made of all sorts of foreign rubbish.* To assert that 

 such offal is really superior to the sound and wholesome 

 materials of which the compounds are formed, is like assert- 

 ing that bran is superior to wheat. Sixteen coombs of 

 linseed are required to make one ton of cake. Now, if the 

 number of tons imported into this country alone were mul- 



* " The crop of linseed was considered very good in 1842, but I must 

 confess it was like the corn-crop, bad at the best, for I walked into many acre 

 and half-acre patches (for that is the usual extent sown together), not more 

 than from eighteen inches to two feet in length, and I found it by no means 

 heavily seeded ; but during my stay of but a few days at Riga, I was equally 

 astonished to see the number of crafts which arrived laden with that article, 

 and as quickly cleared off by English, Scotch, and other vessels, many of 

 which had been waiting several weeks for the arrival, and some after all 

 obliged to return with only half a cargo. 



" Large orders for linseed had arrived from France in consequence of the 

 failure of the hay-crop ; there was a difficulty of supply. Upon inquiry I 

 found that linseed was gathered by Polish Jews, about three or four hundred 

 men and women, who had been many months collecting it through the interior 

 of the country. As soon as the boats were unladen the crafts would be broken 

 up and sold for fire-wood, after which the Jews would start off again upon 

 another expedition. At Riga, the linseed and other seeds arrive in such a bad 

 state, from the adulteration of the Jew merchants, that the whole is obliged to 

 be re-dressed for the English market. This accounts for the mixed state of 

 the foreign cake. The com is collected in the same way." — Extract from the 

 published Notes of Mr. Salter taken during a Tmtr through Russia, Sfc. 



