FOREST REGENERATION AND TREATMENT. 73 



Mound-Planting is a term which signifies the planting 

 of trees on mounds or on the surface of the land. This 

 is sometimes done on wet lands for the purpose of getting 

 the roots above standing water, and it is a practice which 

 can be followed in the case of several trees that do well 

 upon rather moist soil, although they may die if put at 

 once into standing water when young. 



Regeneration by Cuttings. There are few trees that 

 can be grown in general practice from cuttings, but it is 

 the best way to start Willows, since seedlings of them 

 are generally quite difficult to obtain. Some species of 

 the Poplar can also be grown to best advantage in this 

 way. 



Regeneration by Sprouts and Suckers. Some trees, 

 such as the Willow, Poplars, Oaks, Chestnuts, and Maples 

 renew themselves very readily by sprouts and suckers. 

 Land that is managed on this plan for regeneration is 

 termed coppice. With the exception of the Willow 

 and possibly one or two other trees, the growth from 

 coppice is not so large as that from seedlings, and it is 

 seldom employed for other purposes than the production 

 of firewood. In order to get the best growth in this way, 

 the trees should be cut close to the ground when they 

 are dormant, and the stumps left highest in the centre, 

 so they will tend to shed water and not rot. The ad- 

 vantage of cutting close to the ground is that the sprouts 

 that come out from the trunk soon get roots of their own, 

 which makes them more durable than when they depend 

 entirely upon the old stump roots, and they are much less 

 liable to be broken off in high winds. 



Pollarding consists in cutting back the side branches 

 of a tree or cutting off the main stem at a few feet 

 from the ground. The branches may be cut off close 

 to the main stem or at a short distance from it, the 

 latter method being preferable. New shoots spring from 



