THE USES OF WOOD. 



223 



for making thin veneers, which arc used in finishing 

 panels and the Hke. 



" Through and Through," bastard or regular sawing, 

 refers to the ordinary way of sawing lumber, in which 

 most of the cuts are tangential to the annual rings. 



Quarter-Sawing is sawing that is done perpendicularly 

 to the annual rings of the wood. Wood thus sawed 

 presents an evenness of grain not to be found in wood 

 tangentially sawed. When cut nearly or quite on the 

 radius the beautiful silver grain of some woods is thus 

 shown to the best advantage. 



Quarter-sawed lumber presents a more durable surface, 

 and warps and shrinks less than that tangentially sawed. 



D 



Fig. 68. Fig. 69. 



Fig. 6S. — Common method of quarter-sawing Yellow Pine for 

 flooring. 



Fig. 69. — Showing method of quarter-sawing to bring out the figure^ 

 of the wood to best advantage. The log is first quartered, 

 1, 2, 3, and 4, and each quarter is sawed as indicated by lines in 4. 



If those points alone are the chief considerations, any 

 wood is corLsidered quarter-sawed that presents the edge 

 of its annual rings to its surface at an angle of not less 

 than forty-five degrees. This is done in various ways. 



Figure 61 illustrates one method of quarter-sawing such 

 woods as Yellow Pine, which are so sawed solely to increase 

 their strength and wearing qualities. Slabs are taken off 



