Waste Lands at Tyn-y-Shos. 167 



This lot, like the last, was, by the terms of my lease, to be fenced by the land- 

 lord; but all the fences have been made under my superintendance. The whole 

 fence here would have been a wall, but the sand sione rock on this part of the hrll» 

 failed. Twenty-six roods are fenced with a stone wall, six feet hii^h. Sixty-seven 

 roods are a ditch, faced on one side with stone, and protected above by posts and 

 double rails. Upon the top of the ditch hawthorn quick is set. Fifty-eight roods 

 more, which complete the inclosure, is bounded by a very high old dyke. This 

 boundary, however, is of such a sloping form, that some additional defence was 

 necessary: a ditch is therefore sunk on the summit of the dyke, to the depth of 

 five feet ; in this are planted .strong staggers, as they are here called, consisting of 

 hazle, holly, thorns, and horsc-britrs.* 



The first ploughing was in February, 1805. It was done by my own teams; we 

 used four horses in each team. I will remark here, by the way, that my own teams 

 ploughed, the first time over, all the lands which I have improved, except the last- 

 mentioned lot of iji acres ; and that the expence for oats only, given to my horses 

 the first nine months of my improvements, was seventy pounds. This lot was har- 

 rowed the beginning of June. The second ploughing was in July, by hired teams. 

 It was harrowed the second time in the beginning of September ; limed with 3250 

 bushels of lime, allowing about 270 bushels to each acre. It was sowed, in the 

 middle of October, with 40 bushels of wheat, and harrowed. The wheat plants 

 are come up in abundance, and look as healthy and promising as upon any lands in 

 the county. 



It has already been remarked, that upon these light loose soils, it is necessary to 

 sow a larger than usual quantity of seed by the acre. The soil is here about nine 

 inches deep, but remarkably loose and light. The substratum, above the sand 

 rock, is the same rammel or cat-brain which is found under most of these wastes. 



4. I obtained from another landlord a lease for 21 years, of two other allot- 

 ments, amounting together to 20 acres. By the terms of my lease, I am to pay no 

 rent for the first seven years; for the remaining 14 years, the rent is to be 14^. an 

 acre. The tenant is to make the fences at his own expence. 



Sixty roods of the fence round the first of these two lots, which consists of la 

 acres, is a stone WdU of six feet high. Thirty roods, a strong ditch, faced, as in the 



• So calLd, perhaps, because they are an excellent fence, when mixt with other underwood, 

 sgainst horses, as well as sheep, and other animals. 



