2 6o Mr. William Pitt on the 



common in many arable pastures, but generally untouched by cattle, should there- 

 fore be destroyed in the tillage, and by keeping the la. id free of siagiiant water 



10. Pilewort (Ficaria veniaj. Withering. (Ranunculus ficaria). Flora 

 Rustica. Flowers very early in the spring, and abounds in shady, or moist ground ; 

 it occupies much room in some meadows, and chokes other plants, which grow 

 near it, and not being eaten by cattle, should certainly be extirpated ; nothing dis- 

 courages its increase more than coal or wood ashes. Flora Rustica. 



11. Lousewort, red-rattle (Pedicularis sylvatica), in moist meadows, and 

 pastures, and, I believe, rarely found but where the land is in want of draining; 

 said to be very disagreeable to cattle, and injurious to sheep 5 but I believe the 

 injury is principally occasioned by the unwholsome nature of the land, on which 

 it grows : may be destroyed by draining and top dressing, 



12. Dyer's broom (Genista tinctoria,) I have seen it very abundant in some 

 pastures, on strong or moist land, from whence it ought to be grubbed up. 



13. Rest harrow, cammock, (Ononis spinosa, and atvensisj, often found in 

 pastures, where it is eaten by cattle, particularly the younger shoots : but is too 

 coarse and rubbishy to be suffered to increase, and should therefore be rooted out, 

 or grubbed up. 



14. Common or way thistle, (Serratula arvensisj, should be cut off within the 

 ground, or rooted up. 



15. Rough, or large thistles, boar thistles, (Carduus'sJ, are generally mown or 

 otherwise cut off, but are much better rooted up. 



16. Cudweed, chafeweed, (Gnaphalium gcrmanicumj, not uncommon in 

 arable pastures. I have seen it abundantly in an upland pasture, after barley, where 

 the clover has failed of success; cattle refuse it, but it is said to be successful in 

 the bloody flux of cattle, and of the human species; it seldom appears much in a 

 crop, or when the artificial grasses well succeed. 



17. Ox-eye, white marigold (Chrysanthemum IcucanthemumJ, common in some 

 pastures ; and not grateful to cattle ; but seldom abounding so as to be much 

 injurious, and easily drawn out by hand. 



i8. Black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), very common and abundant in some 

 moist meadows, and pastures ; where it is a bad weed, being a harsh stubborn 

 plant, seldom touched by cattle either green or dry, and not extirpated without 



