28£ Mr. William Pitt on ibe Production and 



In another account the numbers employed in agriculture are stated at 1,524,227 

 And those in trade at - - - - - 1,789,531' 



Omitting, I suppose, those in the higher classes, and those in professions, inac- 

 tive persons, children, and those without employment, if we proportion the agri- 

 cultural and commercial population of England by these numbers, and reduce the 

 whole to eight millions, it will be nearly ih us : 



The agricultural population « - . _ 3,680,000 



The commercial population _ _ _ _ 4,320,00a 



8,000,000 



As those who are inactive, or without employment, must generally depend upon 

 either agriculture or trade for their support, or upon income derived from one of 

 these sources, they may fairly be classed under those heads, though not actually 

 employed therein. 



The agricultural populadon is - - - 46 in a lOO 



The commercial population is - - - 54 in lOO 



In this last account the population of England is - 8,331,434 



The number of houses 1,467,870, and of families - 1,778,420 



In Observations on the Poor Laws, by the Right Hon. Geo, Rose, M. P. as 



quoted in a Review, the population of England and Wales is stated at 8,872,980 



Square miles 55,833 ; inhabitants to a square mile - - 152 



France contains upon a square mile, by Sir John Sinclair, - 157 



Naples, by the same authority, - _ - « 203 



China, from Mr. Malthus, compared with France, - - 251 



The ratio of our increase has been calculated to have been different at different 



times ; Dr. Short calculated, for the former part of the last century, the proportion 



of annual births to deaths as 11 to 10, and the births at one twenty-eighth part of 



the whole population, which proportion Mr. Malthus approves: the annual births 



have since been reckoned at one thirtieth part of the whole population, and the 



deaths at about one thirty-sixth, for the middle of the last century ; but, by the late 



returns on the Population Act, the country is supposed much healthier, and the 



annual deaths are reckoned not to exceed one fortieth part of the whole population. 



Mr. Malthus is of opinion that our late increase of population has arisen not 



from an increase of births, but from a diminution of deaths ; agreeable to which 



