33© Mr. William Pitt on the Production and 



every time that it unfortunately occurs. During the late dearths, half the gentlemen 

 and clergymen of the kingdom richly deserved to have been prosecuted for sedi- 

 tion : after inflaming the minds of the common people against the farmers and corn- 

 dealers, by the manner in which they talked of them, or preached about them, it 

 was but a feeble antidote to the poison which they had infused, coldly to observe, 

 that however the poor might be oppressed or cheated, it was their duly to keep the 

 peace. Political economy is, perhaps, the only science of which it may be said, 

 that the ignorance of it is not merely a deprivation of good, but produces great 

 positive evil." Malthus's Essays, note, p. 553. 



RECAPITULATION. 



The different modes and methods proposed, as the easiest and most effective means 

 of preventing future scarcity, brought into one view, are as follow : 



1. The culture of the waste lands. The necessity of resorting to this resource 

 will constantly press itself more and more into notice, and more particularly in un- 

 productive seasons, when the necessity of increasing our extent of cultivated land 

 ■will be most apparent. 



2. The improvement of land already in cultivation. This is now, doubtless, progres- 

 sively going forward, and will accelerate as the demand for its produce increases ; 

 and would be further accelerated by more attention from land proprietors and per- 

 sons of fortune, who, possessing capital for the purpose, and having the advantages 

 of education, would, by directing their talents to this purpose, be capable of making 

 the greatest and most successful efforts in such improvements. 



3. Improved agricultural and grazing systems. The introduction of green crops 

 upon strong-land fallows, the keeping of all heavy live stock in stables, stalls, or 

 sheds, and feeding them with cultivated herbage, or mown grass, would greatly in- 

 crease our resources, by supporting a greater live stock with less grass landj and 

 thus affording both more manure and more room for an extended cultivation for 

 corn. 



Ai the culture of wheat, at any price it has yet taken, for an average of seven 

 years, has paid much less than grazing live stock, its growth ought to be encou- 

 raged; bounties upon exportation at a liberal price has this tendency, by forcing 

 a market abroad when not wanted at home; and as such bounties have always. 



