62 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



one from the Azores or Madeira 



Fringilla canaria ; 



one from tropical India 



Falco juggur ; 



one from tropical Africa 



PorpTiyrio smaragdonotus ; 

 and one from tropical America 



Porphyrio martinicus. 



Introduced Species. 



In addition to the doubtful species we may exclude one or two 

 other species which have been artificially introduced from more or 

 less distant localities, and have therefore nothing to do with the 

 geographical distribution of the Birds of any part of Western 

 Europe 



Phasianus torquatus, 



introduced from China, a species ranging from Dauria to the 

 Pacific, and 



Phasianus colchicus, 



introduced from the basin of the Black Sea. 



Subspecies. 



After the exclusion of the doubtful species and those which 

 have been introduced from distant countries, there still remains 

 391 species and subspecies of birds which have a fair claim .to be 

 regarded as British ; but of these there are thirteen subspecies 

 which appear to be local races or climatic forms of species which 

 are already included in the British list, so that the number of 

 species of British Birds is reduced to 378. These subspecies are 



Cindus aquaticus melanogastcr. 

 Parus ater britannicus. 

 Troglodytes parvulus hirtcnsis. 



