OF BRITISH BIRDS 63 



Corvus corone comix. 

 Loxia curvirostra pityopsittacus. 

 Loxia leucoptera Mfasciata. 

 Frinyilla linar.ia rufescens. 

 Fringilla linaria hornemanni. 

 Surnia funerea hudsonia. 

 Falco gyrfalco islandus, 

 Falco gyrfalco candicans. 

 Charadrius fulcus americanus. 

 Charadrius hiaticula major. 



Inasmuch, however, as all these subspecies have geographical 

 ranges differing from those of the typical forms (otherwise they 

 could not claim even subspecific rank) they must be regarded as 

 sufficiently distinct to be separately mentioned. 



Geographical Distribution of Birds within the 

 British Islands. 



The Geographical Distribution of British Birds may be studied 

 from various points of view, and I propose in the first place to 

 classify the 391 birds which have the greatest claim to be regarded 

 as British according to the variation of their distribution within 

 the British Islands. 



Those species which are found in the British Islands both in 

 winter and in summer are called Residents, though many of them 

 migrate from one part of the country to another part in spring 

 and autumn. Those birds which visit us in spring, remain with 

 us during their breeding season, but leave us again in autumn to 

 winter in more southerly climes, are called Summer Visitors. 

 Those which visit us in autumn, remain with us during the winter, 

 but leave us again in spring to breed in more northerly climes, 

 are called Winter Visitors. A fourth group consists of species 

 whose breeding-grounds are farther north than the British Islands, 

 and whose winter quarters are farther south, and which conse- 

 quently are only found in our Islands for a few weeks during 

 migration in spring and autumn. They are called Spring and 

 Autumn Migrants. 



The fifth group is a very large one. and contains all those 



