OF BRITISH BIRDS 93 



Hccmatopus ostralegus. 

 Crex pratensis. 

 Crex porzana. 

 Crex parva. 

 Ciconia alba. 



The breeding range of two species extends not only to sub- 

 arctic and subtropic climates, but also to the tropics : 



(Edicnemus crcpitans. 

 Coracias garrula. 



Four species may be regarded as exclusively subtropic in their 

 breeding range : 



Lanius minor. 

 Merops apiaster. 

 Otis tetrax. 

 Fuligula nyroca. 



The breeding range of one species is both subtropic and 

 tropic : 



His falcinellus. 



Species whose Breeding Range extends from the Atlantic to 

 Longitude 70. 



The breeding range of forty-five species of British Birds ex- 

 tends from the Atlantic as far east as about longitude 70, an area 

 which includes Europe, the valley of the Tobol, the basin of the 

 Aral Sea, Asia Minor, Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan. 



Of these species none are exclusively arctic in their breeding 

 range, but five breed both in arctic and subarctic climates, and the 

 range of the last mentioned also extends to subtropic climates : 



Emberiza citrinella. 

 Anthus pratensis. 

 Turdus iliacus. 

 Merula torquata. 

 Chelidon urbica. 



