96 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



Seven species may be regarded as exclusively subarctic in their 

 breeding range : 



Pratincola rubicola. 

 Emberiza cirlus. 

 Phylloscopus sibilatrix. 

 Locustdla locustella. 

 Acrocephalus aquaticus. 

 Milvus regalis. 

 Aquila ncevia. 



Six species are not only subarctic, but also subtropic in their 

 breeding range : 



Regulus ignicapillm. 

 Erithacus luscinia. 

 Phylloscopus rufus. 

 Sylvia promncialis. 

 Noctua noctua. 

 Phalacrocorax graculus. 



The breeding range of one species extends not only to sub- 

 arctic and subtropic climates, but is also tropic 



Crex bailloni ; 



whilst that of a second species may be regarded as exclusively 

 subtropic 



Larus melanocephalus, 



and that of a third species as subtropic and tropic 

 Ardea bubnlcus. 



Species whose Breeding Range, is confined to Western Europe. 



There are six species and as many subspecies of British -Birds 

 whose breeding range is confined to Western Europe. 



One species is arctic and subarctic, and may breed as far east 

 as longitude 25 : 



Fringilla flavirostris. . 



