32 CUBLEW SANDPIPEE. 



bright rust-colour, which in winter becomes grey or white; 

 iris, very dark brown; it is encircled with whitish feathers. 

 ^Forehead, white, whitish, or mixed with pale reddish brown, 

 according to the time of the year; head on the crown, neck 

 on the back, and nape, bright rust-coloured or chesnut, with 

 black spots and marks on the feathers; in winter the rust- 

 colour fades into grey on the sides of the head, and on the 

 back it is greyish brown, streaked and spotted with darker 

 brown, with a slight olivaceous gloss. Chin, whitish; in winter 

 white; throat and breast above, and on the sides, reddish rust- 

 colour or chesnut, the latter with white edges to the feathers 

 towards winter, and a dusky marking between the two colours; 

 below white, with indistinct rust-coloured or chesnut markings, 

 and arrow-headed black spots and streaks; in winter the chesnut 

 becomes white, yellowish white, or grey, and of this colour is 

 the whole under surface of the body; back above, nearly 

 black, each feather edged with reddish chesnut brown; on the 

 lower part, blackish grey edged with white, gradually paler, and 

 the feathers edged with white; in winter the rust-colour 

 becomes brown with a slight tinge of olivaceous bronze. 



The wings, which, when closed, reach a little beyond the 

 tail, have the first quill feather the longest, the axillary 

 plume white; greater wing coverts, dusky grey, the edges 

 paler, the shafts black; in winter the lesser coverts are grey, 

 the centre of the feather rather darker than the rest; lesser 

 wing coverts, nearly black, each feather broadly edged with 

 reddish chesnut or rust-colour; in winter the latter becomes 

 white from yellowish white in autumn; primaries and second- 

 aries, dusky black with white shafts, the latter in winter 

 become edged with white; tertiaries, nearly black, each feather 

 broadly edged with reddish chesnut or rust-colour, which in 

 winter changes to white from yellowish white in autumn. 

 The tail, of twelve feathers, is brownish grey with white 

 tips and shafts to the feathers, those towards the outside 

 paler and clouded, underneath it is greyish white; it is 

 wedge-shaped; upper tail coverts, white, with a few square 

 dusky spots; in winter with or without dusky markings or bars; 

 under tail coverts reddish white, barred and spotted with black 

 spots of an arrow-headed form. The legs, which are rather long, 

 and the toes, greenish black; in winter, greenish brown; claws, 

 black. 



While assuming the winter garb the rust-colour is of course 

 more or less intermingled with the blackish brown. 



