the wings underneath are ash grey. Greater wing coverts, 

 nearly uniform, grey, or dusky olive brown, with narrow 

 lighter-coloured margins in winter, and white tips, forming a 

 bar across the wing; lesser wing coverts, dusky with paler 

 edges; primaries, deep dusky brown tinged with olive green, 

 the shafts white, that of the first whiter than those of the 

 others; secondaries, dusky tipped with white; tertiaries, dusky 

 brown. The tail, wedge-shaped, the two central feathers 

 being the longest, and also the darkest in colour and pointed, 

 nearly black, with, in summer, reddish brown, and in winter 

 grey, edges; the next one on each side grey brown, the next 

 grey, and the three outer ones white tinged with light ash 

 grey on the outer webs; the outermost feather on each side 

 the shortest. Upper tail coverts, dusky brown, those next 

 the tail almost black; under tail coverts, white. Legs and 

 toes, olivaceous greenish brown or grey. 



The young of the year have the bill not so black as in 

 the mature bird; iris, dark brown; over the eye a streak of 

 white with specks of ash grey. Forehead, white; head, 

 crown, neck on the back, and nape, ash-coloured grey, the 

 feathers ending in dull black, and tipped very narrowly with 

 cream-coloured white; chin, throat, and breast, dull white; 

 back, brown, each feather ended with dark brown and white. 

 Greater and lesser wing coverts, grey brown, each feather 

 ended with a semicircle of dusky black, tipped very narrowly 

 with cream-coloured white; primaries, dusky black edged with 

 white; secondaries, dusky black tipped with white; tertiaries, 

 grey brown with dark shafts and white tips. The tail has 

 the two middle feathers grey brown edged with white, the 

 outer ones white; under tail coverts, dull white. Legs, paler 

 than in the adult bird. 



In the 'ad interim' stages of plumage, those, I mean, 

 assumed between the garb put on in winter and that in 

 summer, alternately, there are, as may readily be supposed, a 

 great variety of partial changes. 



