52 WHITE-WINGED BLACK TEEN. 



black; in winter there is a black crescent-shaped mark. Head, 

 crown, neck, and nape, deep glossy black with a tint of green ; 

 in winter spotted with black and pale brown and grey, the 

 feathers being bordered with the latter colours; chin, throat, 

 and breast, black. Back, black, paler lower down, in winter 

 deep bluish grey, black between the shoulders. 



The wings have the first quill feather the longest; they expand 

 to the width of two feet and half an inch; and reach about 

 three inches beyond the end of the tail; greater wing coverts, 

 light grey, in winter dark grey, some spotted with black and 

 pale brown and grey, with which the feathers are edged; lesser 

 wing coverts, white, deepening into grey down the wing; of 

 the primaries, the first three or the first four or five, variously 

 according to age, are greyish black with a broad band of 

 white across on the base of the inner webs, the shafts white; 

 the remainder of the primaries are light grey, the tips and the 

 outer web of the first quill darker than the remainder; in 

 winter the primaries are slate-colour, the tips of some of them 

 dull white; secondaries and tertiaries, slate grey, in winter 

 paler bluish grey; greater and lesser under wing coverts, deep 

 glossy black, but some of them dark grey. Tail, white both 

 above and below; upper and under tail coverts, white. Legs 

 and toes, coral red, in winter orange yellow; claws, black; the 

 webs, which are also red, are very deeply indented. 



The female resembles the male. 



The moult begins at the end of July or beginning of August, 

 and the plumage is as follows: Bill, dusky black, dull reddish 

 about the base; the space between it and the eye is white. 

 Head, crown, neck on the back, and nape, white with black 

 tips to the feathers; chin, white; the breast barred with black 

 and white, the feathers being broadly edged with the former 

 colour; back on the upper part, black; tertiaries, darker than 

 in summer. Legs and toes, dull coral red. 



