354 



HISTORY OF FISHES. 



part of the surface of the earth is composed at 

 present. It is supposed by them, that chalks, 

 marls, and all such earths as ferment with vi- 

 negar, are nothing more than a composition of 



and treating as the foundation of the principal division 

 among bivalves, the number of the muscular impressions. 

 He has also abandoned the di visions, multivalves, bivalves, 

 and univalves, which had been followed by most of 

 the preceding conchologists, and has increased the num- 

 ber of genera to 261. 



Synoptical Table of the Generic Characters of Lamarck's 

 ' Conchological System; arranged according to the des- 

 cending scale; with some additional genera, distinguished 

 ' by an asterisk,. 



CLASS I. MOLLUSCA UNIVALVES. 

 ORDER. I. HETEROPODA. 



Having a head ; two eyes ; no arms ; body free ; swims 

 horizontally ; destitute of a foot ; fins, but irregular. 

 Phytliroe and Pterotrachea, destitute of shells. 

 Carnaria, Cymbium, pi. 31. fig. 1. 



ORDER II. CEPHALOPODA. 



DIVISION I. CEPHALOPODA SEPIARIA. 



FAMILY 1. AMMONACEA. 



Mantle bag shaped ; head protruding from the bag, 

 with inarticulate arms, haying suckers around the 

 n outlis ; two eyes ; mouth with horny mandibles. 



The genera are Sepia, Loligo, Loligopsis, and Octopus, 

 all destitute of shells. 



DIVISION II. CEPHALOPODA MONOTHALAMA. 

 Arffonauta Argo, pi. 31, fig. 2. 

 DIVISION III. CEPHALOPODA POLYTHALAMA. 

 FAMILY I. AMMONACEA. 



Baculites, Turrilites, Ammonoceras, Orbulites, and Am- 

 monites, are fossil. 



FAMILY II. NAUTILACEA. 



Nautilus pompilius. pi. 31. fig. 3. Nummulites, Vorticialis, 

 PolystomeUa, Siderolites, and Discorbis, are fossil. 



FAMILY III. RADIOLACEA. 

 Placentula, Lenticulina, and Rotalia, fossil. 



FAMILY IV. SPHERULACEA. 

 Melonia, fossil. " MUiola concentrica. 

 FAMILY V. CRISTACEA. 



Orbiculina, Cristellarea, and Remtlina, principally fos- 

 sil. 



FAMILY VI. LITUOLACEA. 



Lituola and Spirolina, fossil. Spirilla Peronii, pi. 31. 

 tig. 4. 



FAMILY VII. ORTHOCERATA. 



Conilites and Hippurites, fossil. Nodosaria radicula, 

 pi. 31, fig. 5. Orthocera raphanus, fig. 5. Belemnites, 

 fossil. 



ORDER III. TRACHELIPODA. 



SECTION I. ZOOPUAGOUS TRACHELIPODA. 



Body of the animal spirally convolute posteriorly, se- 

 parated from the foot ; shell spiral enveloping the ani- 

 mal. This order is divided into three sections. 

 FAMILY I. INVOLUTA. 



Conus betulinus, pi. 31, fig. 6. Oliva utriculus, f. 7. An- 

 ciUaria glandiformis, f. 8. Terebellum subulatum, f. 9. 

 Cypraea' Lynx, f. 10. Ocula verrucosa, f. 11. 



FAMILY II. COLUMELLARIA. 

 Voivaria cylindrica, pi. 31, fig. 12. Marginalia bivar- 



shells, decayed, and crumbled down to one 

 uniform mass. 



Sea-shelis are either found in the depths of 

 the ocean, or they are cast empty, and forsaken 



icostata, f. 13. Valuta scapha, f. 14. Mitra tcencata, f. 15. 

 Columbella rustica, f. 16. 



FAMILY III. PURPURIFERA. 



Terebra vtttata,p\. 31. fig. 17. Elurna spirata, f. 18. 

 Buccinum lineolatum, f. 19. Dolium tesselatum, f. 20. 

 Harpa nobtiis, f. 21. Concliolepas Peruvianus, f. 22 

 Monoceros glabratum, f. 23. Purpura bicostalis, f. 24. 

 Recinida arachnoides, f. 25. Cassis arcola, f. 26. Cassi- 

 daria echinopJtora, f. 27. 



FAMILY IV. ALATA. 



Strombus succinclus.pL 31. fig. 28. Pterocera millepeda, 

 f. 29. RosteUaria columbina, f. 30. 



FAMILY V. CANALIFERA. 



Triton scorbiculator, pi. 31 . fig. 31 . Murex acantfiopterus, 

 f. 32. Ranetta granidata, f. 33. Struthiolaria nodulosa, f. 

 34. Fyrula reticulata, f. 35. Fusus longicaiidata, f. 36. 

 Fasciolaria tulipa, f. 37. Cancellaria asperellu, f. 38. Tur- 

 binella scolymus, f. 39. Pleurotoma Babylonia f. 40. 

 Cerithium aluco, f. 41. 



SECTION II. PHYTOPHAGA. 

 FAMILY I. TURBINACEA. 



Turtiella duplicata, pi. 31. fig. 42. Pttasianclla varia, f. 

 43. Planajcis undidata, f. 44. Turbo sinaragdus, f. 45. 

 Monodonta canalifera, f. 46. Tmchus papiUosus, f. 47. 

 Rotella vestrarius, f. 48. Solarium variegatum, f. 49. 



FAMILY II. SCALARIDES. 



DelpUnula ktciniata, pi. 31. fig. 50. Scalaria coronata, 

 f. 51. Vermetus lumbruxdis, f. 52. 



FAMILY III. PLICACEA. 



Pyramidella maculosa, pi. 31. fig. 53. Tornatellajlam- 

 mea, f. 54. 



FAMILY IV. MACROSTOMA. 



Haliotis tvberculata, pi. 31. fig. 55. Stomaiia phymotis, 

 f. 56. StomateUa auricula, f. 57. Sigaretus haliotoideus, 

 f. 58. G'alericulumt'cevit/aium. tip. 111. 



FAMILY V. IANTHINIA. 

 lanthina eacigua, pi. 31. fig. 59. 



FAMILY VI. NERITACEA. 



Natica stercus-muscarum, pi. 31. fig. 60. Nerita pelo- 

 ronta,f.6l. *Neritoideslittoralis,L\.\'2. Neritina punc- 

 tulata, f. G2. Navicdla tesselaria, f. 63. 



FAMILY VII. PERISTOMIDA. 



Amptdlaria rugosa, pi. 31. fig. 64. Paludina vivipara, 

 f. 65. Valvata depressa, f. 66. Pirena Madagascar ensis, 

 f. 67. Melanopsis costata, f. 68. Melania granifera, f. 69. 



FAMILY IX. 



Lymneea auricularia, pi. 31. fig. 70. Physa hypnorum, 

 f. 71. Planorbis corneus, f. 72. 



FAMILY X. COLIMACEA. 



globosa, f. 81. Carocolla Madagascar ensis, f. 82. Helix 

 nemoralis, f. 83. 



ORDER IV. GASTEROPODA. 



Body always- straight, never enveloped in a shell 

 which can entirely contain it; foot situated under tho 

 abdomen, united to the body nearly its whole length. 



