446 



HISTORY OF INSECTS. 



upon the fingers; and, if examined by the 

 microscope, will appear like scales, with which 

 the wing is nicely embroidered all over. These 

 "insects also are produced in a manner peculiar 



FAMILY IV. PLICIPENNES. 



Destitute of mandibles ; lower wings broader than 

 the upper, longitudinally folded ; antennae setaceous, 

 usually long, with numerous joints ; tarsi five jointed ; 

 maxillary palpi long and setaceous. Phryganea striata. 



ORDER VIII. HYMENOPTERA. 



Four naked veined wings of unequal size ; mouth with 

 jaws, mandibles, and two lips ; lip tubular at its base, 

 terminating by a labium, either doubled or folded in- 

 wards, and forming a kind of sucker ; females provided 

 with a compound ovipositor. 



SECTION I. TEREBRANTIA. 



Abdomen in many species sessile ; females furnished 

 with an ovipositor ; antennae twelve or thirteen jointed, 

 in some more or less. 



FAMILY I. SECURIFERA. 



Abdomen perfectly sessile, or connected at its base to 

 the metathorax. Tribe i. Tenthredinetae. Perga, scu- 

 te.llata, pi. 29, f. 101. Tribe ii. Urocerata. Termea col- 

 umba, L 102. 



FAMILY II. PUPIVORA. 



Wings of many species cellular, in others devoid of 

 nerves ; first abdominal segment posteriorly inclosing 

 the metathorax, and forming part of it ; the second, 

 which appears like the first, fixed to the preceding by a 

 pedicle. Tribe i. Evaniales. Pelecinus policerator, pi. 

 '29, f. 103. Tribe ii. Ichneumon ides. Ichneumon uni- 

 fasdatorius, pi. 28, f. 104. Tribe iii. Gallicolae. Cinips 

 Qitercitsfblii. Tribe iv. Chalcidites. Chalets clavipes, f. 

 106. tribe v.Chrysides. Chrysis ignita, f. 107. Tribe 

 vi. Oxyuri. Bethyllus hemipterus. 



SECTION II. ACULEATA. 



Abdomen pedunculated, inclosing in the females and 

 neuters a sting ; antennas of the male thirteen jointed, 

 female twelve. 



FAMILY III. HETEROGYNA. 



Females and neuters or those which live in society, 

 devoid of wings ; antennas geniculated ; labium small, 

 rounded, vaulted. Tribe i. Formicariae. Formica 

 Herculanea, pi. 28, f. 109. Tribe ii. Mutillarise. Mu- 

 tilla KluyiiJ. 110. 



FAMILY IV. FOSSORES. 



Wings extended ; in some the prothorax laterally 

 prolonged, in others short. Tribe i. Scolietse. Scolia 



1.110. j e iv. opnegiaes. roaium mgnpes, 1. 114. 

 Tribe v.Bembecides. Btmbex rostrata, f. 115. Tribe 

 vi. Labratae. Labra Ichneumoniformis. Tribe vii. 

 Nyssonii. Nysson maculatus, pi. 29, f. 117. Tribe viii. 

 Crabronites. Crabro cribrarius, f. 118. 



FAMILY V. DIPLOPTERA. 



Wings longitudinally folded ; antennae geniculate, 

 clavate ; eyes notched ; prothorax reaching insertion of 

 upper wings ; feet not fitted for collecting pollen. Tribe 

 i. Vespanse. Synayris cornuta, pi. 29, f. 119. Tribe ii. 

 Masarides. Masitris apiformis, f. 120. 



FAMILY VI. MELIFERA. 



Wings extended ; first joint of posterior tarsi large, 

 compressed, square, or triangular, provided with a tuft 

 of hair adapted for collecting pollen of flowers ; jaws 



to themselves. They are at first hatched from 

 an egg, from whence proceeds a caterpillar 

 that eats, and often casts its skin ; the cater- 

 pillar having divested itself for the last time, 



and lip long, narrow, produced into a proboscis ; chin 

 elongated, supported on a pedicle ; labinm mostly lan- 

 ceolate or filiform , long and hairy. Tribe i. Andren- 

 etae. Andrena pilipes, pi. 29, f. 121. Tribe ii. Apiaria, 1 . 

 Apis centhuncularia, pi. 28, f. 122. 



ORDER IX. LEPIDOPTERA. 



Four membranaceous wings, covered with a farina 

 composed of minute scales, and having a trunk spirally 

 rolled up, inserted at the mouth. 



FAMILY I. DIURNA. 



Wings free in repose, perpendicular to the plane of 

 position, and devoid of a scaly bristle at the base of the 

 inferior wings ; antennae, in many, claviform, or termi- 

 nating in a button, more or less conical or triangular, in 

 others slender, and hooked at the termination. Tribe i. 

 Papilionides. Papilio Childreni, pi. 29, f. 123. Tribe 

 ii. Hesperides. ffesperia malvte, f. 124. 



FAMILY II. CREPUSCULARI^E. 



With a stiff, horny bristle near the insertion of the 

 lower wings, at their margin, entering a groove below 

 the upper ones, keeping them horizontal in repose; an- 

 tennae claviform elongated, frequently pectinated or ser- 

 rated. Caterpillars with sixteen large feet. Tribe i. 

 Hesperia Sphinges. Castnia acroeoides, pi. 29, f. 125. 

 Tribe ii. Sphingides. Sphinx convolvuli, f. 126. Trite 

 iii. Zygsenides. Zygcena pulchella, f. 127. 



FAMILY III. NOCTURNA. 



Wings horizontal or inclined in repose; antennas seta- 

 ceous. Tribe i. Bombycites. Boinbyx pavonia, pi. 29, 

 f. 128. Tribe ii. Noctuo-Bombycites. Cossus liyniper- 

 da, f. 127. Tribe iii. Tineites. Tinea tapizana, f. 129 

 Tribe iv. Noctuaelites. Noctua oculata, f. 1 30. Tribe 

 v. Tortrices. Herminia Sulonia, f. 131. Tribe vi. 

 Phalaenites. Plialcena machaonaria, f. 1 32. Tribe vii. 

 Crambites. Crambus retusulis, f. 1 33. Tribe viii. Pte- 

 rophorites. Orneodes hexadadylus, f. 134. 



ORDER X. STREPSIPTERA. 



Wings two, naked and membranous, accompanied by 

 two balancers, longitudinally folded, forming nearly the 

 quadrant of a circle; metamorphosis incomplete. 



This order consists but of two genera. Htylops Child- 

 reni, pi. 29, f. 135. 



ORDER XL DIPTERA. 



With two membranous extended wings, and a balan 

 eer under each in most species; six feet; provided with 

 a sucker, composed of a variable number of scaly, setae- 

 form pieces, either inclosed in the upper furrow of a 

 sheath, or inarticulated proboscis, terminated by two 

 lips, or cased in one or two plates. 



SECTION I. 



Head large or of medium size, distinct from the tho- 

 rax ; tavsal hooks simple, or unidentated ; sucker in- 

 closed in a sheath. 



FAMILY I. NEMOCERA. 



Antennae with six joints at least, but usually with 

 fourteen to sixteen. Tribe i. Culicides. CuLcx pipiens, 

 pi. 29, f. 136. Tribe ii. Tipulariae. Tipiila oleracea,f. 137 



FAMILY II. TANYSTOMA. 



Rostrum frequently lengthened, sometimes nearly 

 concealed ; sucker of six pieces. Tribe i. T;ib;inii. 

 Tabanus Africanis, pi. 29, f. 138. Tribe ii. Sicarii. 

 Ccenomyia pallida, f. 139. Tribe iii. Mydasii. Mydat 

 Lusitanicus, f. 140, a and b. Tribe iv. Leptides. Leptu 



