ARAM AX, TL'RK, A.\D BAI</1. 161 



can be enormously improved by purely Eastern importations. It will therefore 

 only be possible to recruit our exhausted stock when that becomes necessar) 

 by calling upon some thoroughbred on (cross from a country which originally chose 

 its blood horses from among our own. Australia and the American continent seem 

 to be the most likely places now for producing a remedy that had not even been 

 imagined as ever likely to be wanted by the greatest pessimist in the days of Queen 

 Anne and the first King George. France was indirectly the cause of the GoJuIf>hin 

 Arabian coming to these shores ; but it was not long before we more than repaid 

 the debt with such sires as Diamond (the rival of the great ffauibletotiiaii), Lottery, 

 Tan-are, Ncinivkirk, Gladiator, }]\athc> gage, Saucebox, and many more. It is to 

 the younger countries already named that we must look for fresh blood when it 

 is needed. Mr. Youatt's list of all the breeds of horses known in the Old World 

 confirms this opinion. It is as follows : 



(i). The Barb from Barbary, Morocco, and Fez, cf fourteen hands one, at most ; flat shouldered, long 



jointed, and a beautiful head. 

 (2). The Dongola horse, from the regions between Egypt and Abyssinia, was sixteen hands high, but 



not so long from shoulders to quarter. Not imported. 

 (3). The Arabian from further East. About fourteen hands two. A peculiarly shaped shoulder. 



Fine head with bright eyes, small ears and wide nostrils. 

 (4). The East Indian. Not enough bone. Not imported. 

 (5). The Chinese. Useless except in China. 

 (6|. The Persian. A beautiful animal, but not so stout-hearted as the Arab. About fourteen and 



a-half hands. 



(7). The Turkoman, from Turkistan, often sixteen hands in height. Never imported. 

 (8). The Tartar and Calmuck. A small breed from Central Asia. 

 (9). The Turkish. Probably a mixture of Barb, Arab and Persian. A rather long body and high 



crupper. 



(10). The German, of which the Hungarian variety is the best ; and many authorities have recom- 

 mended the importation of the Hungarian breed of Eastern horse into England, 

 (n). Swedish, Finland, and Norwegian. Good for their size, which is about twelve hands. 

 ( 1 2). Icelandic. Hardy and small. 

 (13). Flemish and Dutch. Useful for carts. 

 (14). French. Much indebted to English bloodstock. 

 (15). Spanish. About equal to a Yorkshire hallbred. 

 (16). Italian. Worth little. 



It is fairly obvious from this that the only breeds in the Old World still worth 

 anything are those which have kept their pure characteristics the longest, namely, 

 the Eastern varieties numbered (i) (3) and (9), and these are the three kinds to 

 which the early eighteenth century was chiefly indebted in England. No Arab 

 Emir would agree with what has here been sometimes commonly believed, that any 



