178 Mr. J. Miers on the Calyceracee. 
into a “ tubillus,” or monadelphous ring, while all the portions 
of the same filaments beyond the limit of the disk remain free. 
In Acicarpha, where the disk appears to be carried up to the ex- 
tremity of the filaments, so that they are entirely monadelphous, 
there is seen a thickening, called by Richard an “ epinema,” 
which may be conceived to be the margin of the disk, and which 
gives the anthers the appearance of being articulated upon 
the filaments; but this does not occur in the other genera of 
the family, where the filaments are free at their apex. 
Although in Calyceracee the corolla at length falls off from 
the summit of the apical tubercle of the seed, the fact cannot 
be denied (as was demonstrated by Richard and confirmed by 
Brown), that the tube of the corolla, in all stages, is continued 
downwards over the entire surface of that tubercle. If we cut 
through any Calyceraceous achenium before the fall of the 
corolla, by a longitudinal section, we find that this tubercle 
consists externally of such a continuation of the corolla, lined 
with an intermediate fibrous stratum, having in the centre a 
thickish white cylindrical cord, continuous with the style, and 
all three are agglutinated into one body. It is from the bottom 
of this cord that the seed is suspended, by a short funicle, in the 
summit of the cell. This cord can neither be considered as a 
portion of the funicle, which is continuous with it, nor as a part 
of the style, although it is articulated with the latter and also 
continuous with it; it is, in truth, the placentary development 
destined to give origin to the suspended ovule. 
The seed in Nastanthus is deeply 5-grooved, its salient lobes 
corresponding to and continuous with the round and concave 
teeth of the calyx. If we make a transverse section across 
the achznium, we find in the bottom of these grooves no meso- 
carpic space between the thin endocarp and epicarp; so that 
the external diameter of the seed in that part little exceeds that 
of the apical tubercle; but the salient lobes or wings, which 
extend from the calycine teeth to the base, are often more than 
thrice that diameter; and the space between the epicarp and 
endocarp in these wings is filled with a pithy medulla, no trace 
of which exists in the intervals of the grooves. There are seen 
in this section ten very distinct longitudinal nerves upon the 
endocarp, five of which are opposite the grooves, the other five 
being alternately placed opposite the wings, all of them at equal 
distances : in the longitudinal section these ten nerves are seen 
to run parallel to one another from the base to the apex, and to 
pass through the apical tubercle, forming the intermediate fibrous 
stratum above mentioned. At the summit they all seem com- 
bined in a plexus, whence are thrown out the nourishing threads 
to the placental cord for the support of the ovule and for the 
