NE ee et ae Ee He eter eS ee ee 
RS APS ree 
Se 
Mr. J. Miers on the Calyceracez. 181 
. fect; the tube of the corolla is considerably elongated into a 
very slender tube, on the outside of which are seen five promi- 
nences indicating the five transparent areolar glands, the tubillus 
within being very short, the filaments distinct, and the anther- 
cells, which are almost void of pollen, being almost, if not quite, 
free ; the segments of the border are of much thinner consist- 
ence, and of a much greener hue: in these cases the globose 
stigma is fully developed on the summit of the clavate extremity 
of the long style, and the achzenium yields a perfect seed. In 
the flowers last produced, and intermixed with the former, the 
tube of the corolla is thick, only half the length of the others, 
and so much thickened that the areolar glands become wholly 
immersed, and are not perceptible; and the segments of the 
border here exhibit the appearance of the gibbous double laminz 
before described; the anthers, almost obsoletely polliniferous, 
are nearly free; the style is only slightly swollen at the apex, 
and deficient of the globose stigmatic expansion ; the achzenium, 
though attaining its full growth, does not always produce per- 
fect seed ; the corolla, in such instances, generally persists upon 
the achenium. Other flowers, again, are produced in an inter- 
mediate state, the achenium maturing its seed; but then the 
stigma is always fully developed, as well as the anthers, which 
are half united at their base into a syngenesious ring, and the 
corolla usually falls off soon after the period of impregnation. 
In Boopis, Gamocarpha, and Nastanthus, the calycine lobes 
are deeply concave or semi-navicular, owing to their involution 
round the salient angles of the ovary, by which they become 
more or less hollow or tubular within, their median nervures 
being decurrent along the extreme angles of the ovary. When 
the seed is matured, these lobes, being acute in Boopis, become 
rigid at the point and acicular; in Nastanthus they remain 
rounded, thick, and obtuse; in Calycera and Acicarpha, where 
the lobes are flatter, they greatly enlarge, becoming subulate 
and rigid, and assume the form of very long, sharp, divaricate 
spines, of unequal length ; in Anomocarpus, in the same capitu- 
lum, some of the achenia become spinescent, as in Calycera, 
while others retain the form of short rigid teeth, as in Boopis, 
both producing in like manner perfect seeds. In Nastanthus 
and Anomocarpus, and sometimes in Boopis, the surface of the 
epicarp is reticulated between the nervures with transverse, 
crowded, parallel and almost scalariform venations, the intervals 
often becoming swollen and assuming the appearance of trans- 
verse ruge. 
In Calyceracee the florets are all crowded upon a broad fleshy 
receptacle surrounded by an involucre, the leaflets of which are 
in a single series almost free from one another, in Acicarpha; 
