Dr. H. Falconer on the Ossiferous Caves of Glamorganshire. 299 
here the cavern rises to a height of 40 feet. When first opened, 
the eastern wall only of the cavern was found to be coated with 
stalagmite. The floor was tolerably smooth, and shelved down gra- 
dually from the mouth to the extremity, the deposits being thicker 
outwards. The floor having been excavated down to the hard brec- 
cia, there were observed :—(1) at the top, a bed of sandy peat or 
turf, formed chiefly of bits of sticks and comminuted vegetable mat- 
ter, about 1 foot thick, except under the flue, where it formed a low 
conical heap. In or on this peaty covering were bones of Ox and 
Wolf, and bones and broken shed antlers of Deer, of species or 
varieties allied to the Reindeer (Cervus Guettardi and Cerv. priscus). 
(2) Stalagmite, regular, but usually less than a foot thick. At 
one spot it rose into a boss 2ft. 3 in. high, which was found in a 
shattered condition, the fragments being loose, but still in place. 
This must indicate—Ist, the operation of some shock since the for- 
mation of the stalagmite, and even since the peat began to be 
formed ; and 2ndly, the absence of drip in the cave since the shock 
took place. (3) Sandy loam, | ft. 4 in., with fragments of rock 
and without bones ; (4) sand, 2 ft. 6in.; (5) a bed of loose stony 
breccia, 4 feet, without bones; (6) ochreous loam, or the usual 
cave-earth, 6 to’7 feet thick, resting on the solid cemented breccia 
which forms a floor or diaphragm between the upper and lower 
chambers of the fissure. Ursus speleus, Canis lupus, C. vulpes, 
Bos, Cervus, and Arvicola occur in the ]@&m, the latter in abundance. 
The most remarkable circumstance about these remains was the 
great excess of Deers’ antlers above the others. Upwards of one 
thousand antlers, mostly shed and of young animals belonging chiefly 
to Cervus Guettardi, were collected. The lower chamber was pene- 
trated by Col. Wood, Dr. Falconer, and a friend last September, and 
found to have been washed out by the sea to a depth inwards of 31 
feet; and at its extremity they met with a compact mass of marine sand 
and gravel, about 9 feet thick. The solid breccia forming the roof 
of the lower, and the base of the upper cave, increases in thickness 
from 6 feet at the outside to a greater depth inwards. Its materials 
correspond with the bed of angular débris observed by Mr. Prestwich 
on the raised beach of Mewslade Bay. 
“ Bowen’s Parlour,” or “‘ Devil’s Hole,” is also a cavernous fissure 
in the limestone cliff, situated between Bosco’s Den and Crow Hole. 
It has been washed out by the sea,—portions only of its cave-deposits 
remaining, especially a diaphragm of cemented breccia, which divides 
the fissure into an upper and lower story—the former about 20 feet 
high at the mouth, the latter 14. Thin tabular aggregations of 
sand adhere to the lower surface of the partition, showing that it 
was deposited on a bed of sand. The same phenomena are repeated 
in “Crow Hole” with modifications, the cave-deposits being still 
in situ: here remains of Ursus, Meles, Rhinoceros, and some other 
forms have been found by Col. Wood. 
“ Raven’s Cliff” presents a cavernous fissure broad and high ex- 
ternally, contracted within. Here a thin crust of stalagmite 
formed a floor upon sand 9 feet thick, which filled the fissure close 
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