362 Prof. Ehrenberg on the Microscopic Life 
cella ylobulus, and Pinnularia borealis are particularly plentiful ; 
Eunotia amphioxys is rare. 
12. Bright-green moss-turf from a hot place. No. 12.—A frag- 
ment of a loose moss-turf, with a slight coat of lichens (Cladonia) 
and various mosses, from the upper margin of the crater. In 
ten analyses of the finest particles, in portions of the size of a 
pin’s head, diffused under water and covered with Canada balsam, 
6 Polygastria, 18 Phytolitharia, and 1 egg of a Tardigrade, al- 
together 25 forms, were observed. The greatest part of the 
layer of humus consists of rotten cellular tissue, appearing brown 
by transmitted light. Lithostylidia, and especially Pinnularia 
borealis, are extremely plentiful, together with Difflugia seminu- 
lum. Eunotia amphioxys is not rare; the rest occur singly. 
13. Green coating on humus on moist declivities. No. 9.—The 
sample consists of thin black parings of the layer of humus, 
with the upper surface greenish. Softened and suspended in 
distilled water, the fine deposit in the watch-glass showed 28 
organic structures in ten portions of the size of a pin’s head, 
namely, 11 Polygastria, 16 Phytolitharia, and 1 Tardigrade ; 
amongst these there were cellular parts of grasses with fissures. 
The greater part of the Polygastria are Arcellina, and the two 
cosmopolite forms Pinnularia borealis. and Eunotia amphioays. 
The Phytolitharia are only portions of grasses. The Tardigrade 
is not rare, and cannot be distinguished from the very widely 
distributed Macrobiotus Hufelandii. . 
14. Moss-turf of Sphagnum, without any earthy soil. No. 10,.— 
The sample consists of four clean stems, 3 inches long, without 
fructification. When softened in distilled water, and repeatedly 
squeezed, the half of them produced a slight turbidity in the 
water. Ten analyses of the deposit in the watch-glass furnished 
6 Polygastria, 7 Phytolitharia, and 2 small seeds; together, 
15 forms. Difflugie are very numerous, especially D. seminulum 
and Frauenfeldii; of the former there were sometimes from four 
to six at once in the field. 
15. Green Liverwort-turf upon moist black humus. No. 13.— 
The specimen, which was about two inches across, contained 
chiefly Jungermannia ; but amongst these there were many fern- 
capsules and seeds. Ten analyses of the finest earthy particles 
furnished 31 forms, namely, 10 Polygastria, 14 Phytolitharia, 
3 Rotatoria, 1 Anguillula, 2 small seeds, and a portion of a plant 
resembling the epidermis of a grass. The Arcellina predomi- 
nated amongst decayed parts of plants, especially Difflugia areo- 
lata. The Rotatoria are not rare, but never occur many toge- 
ther. The Difflugie appear to reside with them in the axils of 
the leaves of the plant. 
