Mr. W. Clark on the Animals of the Bullidae. 103 



are apparent when the gizzard is removed ; they are not quite of 

 the same size, the one being lobed or double, the other is on the 

 left side; these are removed from the oesophageal collar the 

 length of the oesophagus and gizzard, which is very considerable, 

 but all the masses are connected by nervous threads which bear 

 being moved and examined by a stylet. The larger ganglion on 

 the right supplies the gizzard, testicle, anus, branchiae, the com- 

 mon cavity of generation, and also sends a thread to the liver ; the 

 smaller one on the left side throws off a filament to the gizzard, 

 and furnishes the heart, liver, bladder, the ovarium and oviduct 

 with the necessary threads. The gizzard is a strong, tubular, 

 fleshy, cylindrical mass, inclosing three triangular ridged black 

 plates, which grind the aliment down to a pulp ; I could detect 

 none in it nor in the intestine in a st)lid state. I should not omit 

 to say that the gizzard is the stomach, and completely fills the 

 cavity in which it is lodged ; the intestine is of very large dia- 

 meter, arising immediately from the posterior end of the gizzard ; 

 it does not form a duodenum of any particularity of shape, but 

 by a crossing or two completes the circumvolution of the liver, 

 being visible everywhere, of nearly the same size, and terminates 

 posteriorly by a short rectum on the right side. 



The liver occupies nearly the posterior half of the spire; it is of 

 an intensely dark brown colour, minutely granular, pulpy, without 

 much coherence : at its posterior end is the rather scanty white 

 ramose ovarium, which, when the liver is well washed out, is 

 easily observed ; and from it the yellow white wrinkled oviduct, 

 also most visible, springs from the ovary as a slender thread, but 

 as it proceeds it increases rapidly in volume, and then as sud- 

 denly diminishes, terminating in the matrix by a fine thread. 

 The matrix and its vestibule is a strong, yellow, tough, tubular 

 subcylindrical organ, with a transverse constriction denoting the 

 anterior chamber ; it is, I think, erroneously marked k, and called 

 the testis in M. Cuvier^s pi. 2. fig. 14, of the memoir. The mistake 

 has arisen from the latter organ lying close, but somewhat pos- 

 terior to it, and is very different, being of much softer, flatter, 

 more even and elongated form ; its colour is pale drab. I think 

 the flat, oval, yellow gland near the bladder and heart, which 

 Cuvier states to be of unknown use, is an appendent to the testis ; 

 as I thought, through the transparent membrane, I could trace 

 the excretory duct to the posterior part of that organ. 



The bladder is as large as a small pea, of a pale red purplish 

 mixed colour ; it is nearly globular, and lies on the left side, full 

 of a light pinkish liquid, not acrid but oily, with red brown 

 specks in it ; I have seen similar ones in the ova ; its excretory 

 duct crosses from the left side and certainly enters the matrix ; 

 it is doubtless a lubricating or an enveloping fluid for the ova ; I 



