96 Messrs. W. K. Parker and T. R. Jones on the 



chamber, with a round, pouting, central aperture, and no 

 valve *. 



Textularia are widely distributed : one and the same deposit 

 usually yields many varieties ; indeed, it is a world-wide species, 

 and it seems to thrive equally well oflF the North Cape and in 

 the East Indian Seas. The largest specimens are T. gibhosa, 

 T. agglutinans, and the conical T. trochus and T. turris. Shelly 

 sands and shelly clays yield the largest Textularice at from 30 to 

 100 fathoms, 60 to 70 fathoms being the best depth (coast of 

 Sicily; English Channel; off Vigo and Ushant; and Southern 

 Australia). 



Textularia sagittula generally occurs in company with the 

 large-sized Textularice, and is very common in all seas at a 

 moderate depth. Remarkably large specimens of T. carinata 

 (which usually occurs of small size) are found in the rich Nodo- 

 sarian clay of the Vienna Basin ; also recent in the line of 

 soundings off South Arabia, between Socotra and Kurachee. 



The London Clay yields three varieties of Textularia — a glo- 

 bose-chambered form, a compressed carinate form, often with 

 a flat spiral commencement [T. carinata, D'Orb.), and the tri- 

 uniserial form (Clavulina communis -f) . 



The Chalk and Chalk-marl are very rich in Textularian forms, 

 especially T. trochus, T. turris, T. pralonga, and other true 

 Textularice, as well as Verneuilina triquetra, V. dubia, &c. The 

 Gault of Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, appears to have been depo- 

 sited in a deeper sea than the Gault of Kent was, if we judge by 

 the varieties of Textularia and other genera, compared with 

 recent conditions. It yields Textularice not only having the 

 coiled commencement, but becoming uniserial (7^. annectens). 



Textularia occurs in the Silurian greensand of St. Petersburg ; 

 in the Carboniferous and Permian limestones ; plentifully (usually 

 small, but large when Verneuiline) in some of the clays of the 

 Oolites; abundantly in the Cretaceous rocks; and plentifully 

 and varied in the Tertiary deposits. 



A List of some of the Textularise proper. 



1826. Textularia gibbosa, D'Orb. Modeles, No. 28; Ann. Sc. Nat. vii. 



p. 262. No. 6. 

 1826. Textularia pygmsea, D'0r6. Modeles, No. 7; Ann. Sc. Nat. vii. 



p. 263. No. 13. 

 1828. Textularia sagittula, Defrance, Diet. Sc. Nat. vol. xxiii. p. 344, 



pi. 13. f. 5. 



* Clavulina Parisiensis, D'Orb., Modeles, No. 66, is certainly a tri- 

 uniserial Valvulina with the loss of the little lip — an accident common to 

 the brittle Grignon fossils. Clavulina nocbsaria, D'Orb., is a Bigenerine 

 Textularia. 



t Nodosaria rustica, Jones, Morris, Catal. Brit. Foss. 1854, p. 38. 



