264 IMr. A. Adams on new Genei'a and Species of 



with decay in the stem, bark, and other parts belong to a different 

 category. 



3. Numerous species and orders of plants are nearly or quite 

 devoid of raphides as a regular part of the growing and healthy 

 structure. 



4. Certain orders may be so readily distinguished from their 

 near allies by raphides alone, and this even in minute fragments 

 of the leaf and other healthy parts, whether in the fresh or dried 

 state, in the absence, too, of the flower and fruit, that the fact 

 should henceforth be comprised in the descriptive characters of 

 our plants of those orders. 



5. Onagracese and Lemnacese have now been proved, as far 

 as regards the British plants, to be such orders. 



6. The common and abundant Willow-herbs and Duckweed, 

 being thus very laboratories for the formation and collection of 

 phosphate of lime, should be worthy of attention as valuable 

 manure. 



Edenbridge, March 2, 1863. 



XXIX. — On some new Genera and Species of Umboniidse from 

 the Seas of Japan. By Arthur Adams, F.L.S. &c. 



MM. Lesson and Valenciennes have made known Umbonium 

 giganteum and U. costatum from Japan ; and Gould has recently 

 described U. superbum, found by Stimpson at Kagosima Bay. 

 One species {U. moniliferum oi Lamarck) is in estimation among 

 the Japanese for the superior lime it furnishes; and the same 

 species is sold in their shops, under the name of " Aru," for 

 ornamental purposes, such as the manufacture of bracelets. U. 

 vestiarium, L., so common in the north of China, is hardly met 

 with in Japan, a few dead examples only having been detected 

 by me at Tsaulian Harbour, which, although in the Sea of Japan, 

 more properly belongs to the Korea. 



But although, very naturally, the more conspicuous and bril- 

 liant species have been brought by travellers to Europe, yet 

 there remain still unknown many smaller and more obscure 

 forms of the family, some of which I now propose briefly to 

 elucidate. 



Genus Umbonium, Link. 



1. Umbonium vestiarium, Linn. 



Trochtis vestiarius, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. p. 1230. 

 Rotella Uneolata, Lamk. ; Rot. rosea, Lamk. 



Hab. Tsaulian. 



