Dr. Kneeland on the Skeleton of the Great Chimpanzee. 29 



14*3 inches, that of the I'adius 13^ inches. The articulating 

 surface for the humerus, on account of the less prominence of 

 the inner ridge of the trochlea, differs from that of Man in being 

 proportionally wider, and in having a deep concave inner wall, 

 which in the human ulna is not only wanting, but the edge of 

 this border of the joint is worn into a deep notch corresponding 

 with the long inner ridge of the human trochlea ; at the bottom 

 of this cavity is an irregular long bone, apparently wedged in, 

 and perhaps having a separate centre of ossification ; if the ole- 

 cranon process were taken off through the suture here left open, 

 the head of the ulna would very much resemble the head of the 

 tibia, to which it corresponds in the lower extremity — this is 

 seen on both sides. The articulating sui^face for the head of the 

 radius is less perpendicular than in Man ; the coronoid process 

 is also less prominent, in conformity with the small anterior con- 

 cavity on the humerus : the styloid process and the accompany- 

 ing groove occupy a greater proportion of the lower extremity. 

 With the exception of stronger ridges and sharper angles, the 

 remaining portions of the ulna and radius resemble much the 

 same bones in Man on a larger scale. The proportion between 

 the humerus and ulna brings this animal nearer to Man than the 

 Chimpanzee or Orang. 



The femur in its head and neck is much like the human ; it 

 has a roughness, hardly a depression, for the ligamentum teres ; 

 the neck of the bone is proportionally shorter, and placed more 

 obliquely with respect to the shaft ; the trochanters, especially 

 the great, are much stronger ; the space between the great tro- 

 chanter and the head of the bone is less, and the concavity deeper 

 than in Man ; the neck is also more flattened ; the whole bone is 

 flatter, especially just above the condyles, and its shaft more 

 curved. Though the inner condyle is so much longer than the 

 external as to give the lower part of the shaft an inclination out- 

 wards, as in Man, the curve of the middle and upper portions 

 restores its general direction nearly to the vertical, as in the 

 Chimpanzee. The femur is about 2 inches shorter than the 

 humerus ; in this respect the T. gorilla recedes from the human 

 type, while he approaches it in the relative lengths of the ulna 

 and humerus. 



The tibia is considerably shorter than the human (1 1 \ inches 

 long), and more curved both laterally and anteriorly, enclosing 

 consequently with the fibula a large interosseous space. The 

 right astragalus is preserved, resembling the human, but flatter 

 and longer ; the articular surface for the tibia is less convex and 

 narrower posteriorly ; the surface for the scaphoid is more pro- 

 minent, flatter, and with a better marked constricted neck ; the 

 lateral surface for the tibia is less vertical and more quadrilateral ; 



