288 Linncean Society. 



Goniocarpus and Valeriana ; but it ia nearly so in Trichocladus, and 

 probably also in Morina. He has not yet observed it among Endo- 

 genous plants. Of its occurrence among Exogenous plants, he enu- 

 merates the following instances: — 1. Malpighia, and other genera 

 of Malpighiace<E, in which the funiculus (representing the raphe) is 

 constantly lateral ; 2. Suriana, as figured by Prof. Lindley ; 3. Ilex ; 

 4. Halesia; 5. Viburnum; 6. Jcrotriche ; 7. Myoporum; 8. Loni- 

 cera (sp. loculis uniovulalis) ; 9. probably in the 1 -seeded fruits of 

 Oleinte; 10. Thesium. This section concludes with some observa- 

 tions on the variation from raphe aversa to raphe lateralis, which 

 sometimes occurs in the same familj'^, as in Cornece and Malpicfhiacea, 

 which Mr. Clarke believes to offer an explanation of the variable re- 

 lation of the ovule to the funiculus, which is common to both Ille- 

 cebrece and Chenopodiacece. 



3. The raphe next the placenta is well known as the most ordinary 

 position in pendulous anatropal ovules, and Mr. Clarke only suggests 

 the inquiry whether solitary ovules having this character ever occur 

 among Endogenous plants. 



4. Of the erect ovule, with the raphe turned away from the placenta, 

 Mr. Clarke has met with only three instances, two of them occur- 

 ring in cases where there are two ovules. These are Pencea fruti- 

 culosa and Calytrix virgata, in the latter case less completely averse 

 than in the former. The principal instance, however, is that of 

 Composite, where the raphe in four or five genera examined was 

 always found to correspond with the anterior angle of the ovary. 

 That the anterior is the fertile carpel in Compositis Mr. Clarke thinks 

 is shown (in addition to the arguments previously adduced by him) 

 by the fact that in Jster Sibiricum, he has always found the ovule 

 to arise more or less distinctly from the posterior side of the ovary, 

 and that the same circumstance occurs, although less distinctly, in 

 Centaurea nigra. In such Cichoracem as he has examined, he has 

 found the raphe for the most part or always lateral ; but as he re- 

 gards the carpella of this division of Composites as being right and 

 left of the axis, he concludes that the position of the ovule might be 

 expected to be different. The position of the raphe in Berberis vul- 

 garis is occasionally next the placenta, but more frequently tends to 

 be averse from it. 



5. The character of ovule erect, with the raphe lateral (first ob- 

 served by Mr, Bennett in Rhamnece, and by him attributed to a torsion 

 of the funiculus), obtains to a considerable extent among Exogenous 

 families. It occurs regularly in Stilbe pinastra, and generally in 

 one-seeded fruits of Berberis vulgaris; but in two-seeded fruits of 

 the latter the raphe is removed from the placenta and placed nearer 

 to the dorsal rib of the ovary. In Vitis, on the contrary, whether 

 with one- or two-seeded cells, the raphe is always next the placenta. 

 In a species of Justicia, with two ovules, placed one above the other 

 and quite erect, the raphe is lateral ; but in Mendozia, with a similar 

 placentation, it is apparently next the axis. As other instances of 

 lateral raphe with erect ovules Mr. Clarke cites Elceagnus orientalis. 

 Calamus viminalis, and Trianthema decandra, the direction of the cur- 



