Meteorological Observations. 319 



3. The membranous envelope which is concealed by the epigonium 

 and which had not hitherto been observed, represents an embryo- 

 sac. 



4. The internal body, which afterwards becomes the seta and urn, 

 is a true embryo. 



5. In the Mosses, the embryo, instead of detaching itself from the 

 parent plant to originate a new plant, is developed in its place and 

 gives rise to a capsule filled with spores. 



6. The organs called antheridia are true male organs, inclosing a 

 fecundating matter. 



7. This fecundating matter is introduced by the tubular neck of 

 the epigonium. — Comptes Rendus, xxxv. 137. 



11 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR AUG. 1852. 



Chiswick. — August 1. Very fine : uniformly overcast. 2. Very fine: densely 

 clouded. 3. Partially overcast : slight shower. 4. Fine : clear. 5. Fine : slightly 

 overcast. 6. Showers: heavy rain. 7. Cloudy: clear. 8. Fine: clear. 9,10. 

 Very fine. 11. Constant heavy rain. 12. Heavy rain: cloudy. 13. Very fine : 

 clear. 14. Very fine : heavy rain at night, 15. Foggy : clear at night. 16. 

 Heavy dew: fine : overcast. 17. Densely overcast : frequent vivid lightning and 

 distant thunder: chiefly sheet lightning till 11 p.m., then forked lightning, with 

 heavy thunder and rain in torrents. 18. Very fine : cloudy, with lightning at 

 night. 19. Very fine: clear at night. 20. Overcast. 21. Light clouds: uni- 

 formly overcast. 22. Overcast : clear. 23. Cloudy and fine. 24. Overcast and 

 mild : rain at night. 25. Cloudy and fine. 26. Slight haze : very fine : clear. 

 27. Very fine. 28. Foggy : remarkably dusky and dark about 9 a.m. : very fine. 

 29. Very fine : densely overcast : light clouds. 30. Cloudy : very fine : clear. 

 31. Clear : very fine. 



Mean temperature of the month 63°*67 



Mean temperature of Aug. 1851 62*79 



Mean temperature of Aug. for the last twenty-six years ... 62*12 

 Average amount of rain in Aug 2*44 inches. 



Boston. — Aug. 1. Cloudy. 2. Fine. 3. Cloudy : rain p.m. 4. Fine. 5. Fine: 

 rain p.m. : thunder and lightning. 6. Fine : rain p.m. 7, 8. Cloudy : rain p.m. : 

 thunder and lightning. 9. Cloudy : rain p.m. 10. Fine : rain p.m. : thunder and 

 lightning. 11. Rain: rain a.m. and p.m. 12. Cloudy: rain a.m. and p.m.: 

 thunder and lightning. 13. Fine. 14. Fine : rain and hail p.m. : thunder and 

 lightning. 15. Cloudy : rain a.m. 16. Fine. 17. Fine : rain p.m. : thunder and 

 lightning. 18. Cloudy : rain early a.m. 19. Cloudy. 20. Cloudy : rain early a.m. 

 21 — 23. Cloudy. 24. Cloudy : rain a.m. and p.m. 25. Cloudy : rain a.m. 26, 

 27. Fine. 28. Cloudy : rain p.m. 29, 30. Fine. 31. Fine : rain and hail p.m. : 

 thunder and lightning. 



Sandwich Manse, Orkney. — Aug. 1 , 2. Cloudy. 3. Cloudy : rain. 4. Bright : 

 clear : fine. 5. Clear : fine : aurora. 6. Clear : fine. 7. Drops : clear : fine. 

 8. Bright : clear : fine. 9. Clear : fiue. 10. Bright : fine : clear : fine : aurora. 

 11. Bright : fine : clear : fine. 12,13. Bright: fine: cloudy: fine. 14. Bright: 

 fine : clear : fine. 15. Clear : fine. 16. Cloudy: drops. 17. Fog: cloudy. 18. 

 Drizzle : showers : clear. 19. Drizzle : bright : fine. 20. Showers : bright : fine. 

 21. Clear: fine: fog. 22. Fog: fine: fog. 23. Bright: fine: cloudy: fine: 

 aurora. 24. Cloudy : fine : clear : fine. 25. Clear : fine : aurora. 26. Clear : 

 fine: cloudy: fine. 27. Cloudy: fine. 28. Bright: fine: cloudy: fine. 29. 

 Damp: clear: fine. 30,31. Bright: fine: clear: fine. — This month has been 

 very fine, warm and dry. 



Mean temperature of Aug. for twenty-five years 54 '75 



Mean temperature of this month 60°'64 



Average quantity of rain in Aug. for six years 3*05 inches. 



