382 Prof. J. C. Schiddte on the Tunnelling Coleopterous 
and the position of the cox, according to whether they move 
more on the surface and in daylight, or in darkness and under- 
ground. In the first case, as in Oxytelus and Platystethus, the 
eyes are finely granulated and naked, the middle coxe separated 
from one another by a broad expanse of the sternum; the whole 
figure is flatter, the integuments with coarser sculpture and less 
hairy. But in Carpalimus*, Haploderus, and Bledius the eyes 
are coarsely grained, only fit for near vision, with lashes between 
the facets ; the cox are closely approximated to one another, the 
general figure more cylindrical, the sculpture finer, and the hair 
more abundant, finer, and closer. The pronotum is more smooth 
and vaulted, in the same proportion as the animals are more 
calculated for digging; in those which merely root on the sur- 
face, the coxal muscles are weaker, and the prothorax is by ex- 
ternal cavities relieved of so much of its inner space as is not 
required for the neck and its muscles. Those which dig or root 
in the ground have the tibie furnished with spines, whilst in 
those which merely run about on the surface the tibie have fine 
hairs. The organs of the mouth exhibit a more or less pro- 
truding membranaceous labellum divided into two lobes, of 
which either the external margin alone, or the internal alone, 
or both margins are fringed or. ramified, the ramifications being 
in some cases several times subdivided ; besides, a kind of comb 
of horny spines is placed at the base of the inner side of each 
lobe, the two combs meeting in the middle of the labium. The 
mandibles possess a large rough grinder, and a well-developed, 
lobated, fringed or ramified inner lobe; its terminal part is 
slender and provided with few teeth in Bledius and others, but 
very powerful and with many teeth in Platystethus, Haploderus, 
and Carpalimus. The lingua is broad, with thin integuments, 
more or less emarginate in front, the corners pointed or (in Car- 
palimus) rounded ; the paraglosse are small, closely united with 
the lingua, and do not show in front of its corners. In Bledius 
alone the narrow fulcrum lingue reaches the anterior margin of 
the lingua or protrudes in front of it as a ligula, carrying on its 
truncated apex a row of pointed spines. 
The mutual relations of the principal genera of the group 
would therefore appear to be the following ;— 
* Names suggestive of life under the bark of trees are not to be allowed 
for animals living in moist places and in vegetable mould (cf. also Linn. 
Philos. Botan. § 232, and Fabr. Philos. Entom. § 22). The names Haplo- 
derus, Steph., and Carpalimus, Leach, ought therefore to be preferred 
(though not originally sustained by real characters) to Phiwoneus, Er., and 
Trogophleus, Mannerh. 
