Popular Science Monthly 



305 



A Plumbing System for the 

 Farm Residence 



THE important points to be considered 

 in the arrangement of a plumbing 

 system are durability of material and 

 construction, and simplicity. Avoid any 

 complication of pipes, and arrange the 

 water pipes so as to carry the water to the 

 point of discharge in as nearly a straight 

 line as possible. The use of lead pipes or 

 lead lines and receptacles for drinking 

 water should be avoided in small private 

 systems. 



The main pipe from the supply system 

 should be about i34 m - an d never less than 

 I in. in diameter. It leads to the kitchen 

 range and then branches. One branch 

 conveys water through the heater, through 

 the hot water tank, and thence to the hot 

 water fixtures. The hot water pipes should 

 run parallel with the 

 cold water pipe, but 

 should not be so close to 

 it that the temperature 

 of either will be affected. 

 The arrangement of 

 water pipes, hot water 

 tank, etc., is shown in 



of travel for the hot water is upward., and 

 this should be aided, in arranging the hot 

 water pipes, as much as possible. 



The sizes of the pipes generally used for 

 supplying water to the various fixtures are 

 given in the table below: 



All water pipes should have sufficient 

 slant to drain them back into the tank or 

 drainage system, and a drain pipe and cock 

 should be provided at the low point in the 

 system, so that in extremely cold weather 

 the system may be drained into the sewer or 



HYDRAULIC GAGE "0 « 



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The arrangement of water pipes and hot water tanks for a plumbing 

 system in which a pressure tank is used to force water through the pipes 



the illustration. The hot water pipes are 

 shown in black. All water pipes should 

 be put in with red lead in the threads 

 of the joints and all fittings should be 

 screwed up tight. The natural direction 



SUPPLY BRANCHES 



To bath cocks 



To basin cocks 



To water closet flush tank . 

 To water closet flush valve. 

 To water closet flush pipes. 



To kitchen sinks 



To pantry sinks 



To slop sinks 



drainage system to prevent freezing. This 

 necessitates a stop-cock on the pressure- 

 tank outlet to prevent draining the tank. 



Pipes should be kept from the outer walls 

 to prevent freezing. Those located where 

 they are in danger of freezing should be 

 boxed in sawdust or some other non- 

 conducting material. 



Since a plentiful supply of hot water is 

 desirable and a large quantity retains 

 heat for some time, it is well to provide a 

 fairly large hot-water tank. However, the 

 size of boiler depends on the existing condi- 

 tions, such as the water supply and the size 

 of the building. A safe rule istoallowa35or 

 40-gal. boiler to a building having one bath- 



