306 



Popular Science Monthly 



room. Add 30 gal. additional capacity for 

 extra bathroom. A water back having a 

 heating surface of 100 sq. in. is sufficient for 

 a 40-gal. boiler. 



Boilers should be galvanized inside and 

 out, particu- 

 larly inside. 

 Copper boilers 

 are preferable 

 if properly 

 coated inside 

 with block tin. 

 These are class- 

 ed as light, 



VENTILATION 



A drainage system of a residence to carry 

 away the waste from the sinks and bath 



heavy and extra heavy, the latter being 

 tested to 150 lb. water pressure. Ordinary 

 steel or iron boilers are tested to 150 lb. 

 water pressure and extra heavy ones to 

 250 lb. pressure. The latter should be used 

 when the gage pressure is more than 40 lb. 

 per square inch. 



Sewer Plumbing 



The sewer plumbing serves as a drain for 

 the water plumbing. The drainage system 



should be so constructed as to carry away 

 completely everything emptied into it, and 

 it should be constantly vented, frequently 

 and thoroughly flushed, and have each of 

 its openings into the house securely 

 guarded. All drains, soil pipes, and waste 

 pipe should be water-tight and air-tight. 



NAME OF PIPE 



Main and branch soil pipe 



Main waste pipe 



Branch waste pipes for kitchen sinks . 



Bath or sink waste pipe 



Basin waste pipe 



Pantry sink waste pipe 



Water closet trap 



Wash tubs. Traps for two tubs. . . . 

 Waste pipes for three or four tubs . . . 



Main vents and long branches 



Branch vents for traps over 2 in 



Branch vents for traps less than 2 in . 



DIAMETER 



4 



2 



2 



iK— 2 



|i 



3V2-4 



iy 2 ~2 

 2 

 2 



in 



The soil pipe, or house drainage main, 

 begins at the sewer opening and passes up 

 through the house as nearly vertical as 

 possible and out through the roof for free 

 ventilation. It should be at least 4 in. in 

 diameter, of extra heavy cast iron, and all 

 joints should be tightly calked with lead 

 and oakum. All discharge from the wash 

 basins, sinks, and toilets empties into the 

 soil pipe, and connections should be tightly 

 made. The sewer inside the basement wall 

 should always be soil pipe; tile should 

 never be used except outside of the wall. A 

 soil-pipe trap should be provided at the 

 house foundation as shown. Every fixture 

 should have a trap to prevent foul air from 

 coming back through the waste pipe. 

 Vent pipes should be provided on all waste 

 pipes to prevent siphonage and the con- 

 sequent destroying of the traps. A good 

 arrangement of sewer plumbing is shown in 

 the illustration. Note the traps and vent 

 pipes on each waste pipe. The smallest 

 sizes of waste and vent pipes are given in 

 the table above. 



All plumbing should be tested by filling 

 with water or smoke to detect leaks. 



AN ANNOUNCEMENT 

 Owing to the fact that the last chapter 

 on Winning an Athlete's Laurels covers all 

 indoor events and does not contain any 

 special features for this season of the year 

 it will be concluded in a later issue, or one 

 of the early winter month's, at which time 

 all outdoor events will be discontinued and 

 the athlete will be interested principally in 

 something to occupy his leisure time indoors. 



