462 



Popular Science Monthly 



A Tie for a Shoe Lace That 

 Will Stay Tied 



IT is not always the large things that 

 annoy us most as a persistent vexation. 

 By this is meant that when some important 

 thing annoys us, we immediately set about 

 correcting the trouble, but a small thing — 

 too trifling to 

 bother with — 

 will worry us 

 repeatedly and 

 we give it no at- 

 tention. A very 

 good example of 

 this petty an- 

 noyance is shoe 

 laces. Many 

 times a day do 

 we see people 

 stop by the way- 

 side and tie their 

 shoe laces. Es- 

 pecially is this 

 true with new 

 laces. 

 One extra turn of the lace about the first 

 loop made will produce a secure fastening 

 even if not" drawn absolutely tight. The 

 ordinary bow-knot used to fasten shoe 

 laces is shown in Fig. i. The string A is 

 given one turn about the string B at C, 

 before the loop of string A is passed 

 through. By making two wraps as shown 

 in Fig. 2, at D, before passing the loop in 

 string A through, a fastening is made that 

 will not slip or shake loose. It is so simple 

 that it is strange that you have never 

 found it out before, but it does the trick 

 and holds tightly. — Geo. S. Brown. 



Two turns in shoe lace 

 tie will hold it tightly 



Keeping the Strands of a Rope End 

 from Unraveling 



THE three strands of the rope are 

 separated as shown at A, then the 

 strand marked I 

 is turned over 

 between 2 and 3, 

 then 2 is turned 

 over on 1 and 

 between the base 

 of 1 and 3, as in 

 B. The end of 

 the strand 3 is 

 then run through 

 the loop of 1 as in 

 C and drawn up tightly as in D. The 

 strands are then cut off close to the 

 knot. — Tudor Jenks. 



The strand 

 ends are tied 

 into a knot 



Saving Chemicals by Machine 

 Development of Film 



THE amateur who undertakes to de- 

 velop his own moving picture films 

 finds many difficulties, which, to say the 

 least, are discouraging. The films are long 

 and unwieldy unless wound on drums or 

 racks, nor can they be handled after being 

 wet. If the drum system is used the space 

 required for operation is prohibitively large 

 for most amateurs. If the tank process is 

 used there must be at least three tanks, one 

 each for the developing, fixing and washing 



BELT PULLEY. 

 7l 



The upright and its attachments for driving 

 moving picture film through the chemicals 



solutions; and the space necessary for their 

 installations, as well as the cost of the 

 tanks themselves, puts it beyond the 

 reach of the amateur at home. 



In addition to the space required for the 

 tank system, about 35 gal. of developer will 

 be necessary to fill a tank that will handle 

 200 ft. of film. At the present price of 

 chemicals this would cost about $20, and as 

 it deteriorates rapidly whether it is used or 

 not the development is rather expensive for 

 a single film. 



The experimental engineer for a moving 

 picture concern in the west was forced by 

 the limited size of his laboratory to install a 

 developing, fixing, washing and drying 

 apparatus for moving picture films, which 



